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Medical Transcription > Neurology Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Neurology Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Serves as the control center for the entire body

A

Central Nervous system

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2
Q

Integrate incoming info and determine appropriate response (2)

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

cranial nerves (12 pairs, link to brain) + spinal nerves (31 pairs, link to spinal cord)

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4
Q

PNS + CNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System + Central Nervous System

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5
Q

3 types of Nerve Fibers

A

Sensory, Motor, and Sensory+Motor(mixed)

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6
Q

Receive impulses from sense organs, and transmit to CNS

A

Sensory nerve fibers

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7
Q

Conduct impulses away from CNS, traveling to muscles and causing to contract/glands to secrete

A

Motor nerve fibers

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8
Q

Nerve that conducts towards CNS

A

afferent nerve

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9
Q

Nerve that conducts away from CNS

A

efferent nerve

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10
Q

12 pairs of cranial nerves

A

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal

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11
Q

Sensory pair of cranial nerves for smell

A

olfactory

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12
Q

sensory pair of cranial nerves for vision

A

optic

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13
Q

motor cranial nerves for movement of eyeball/eyelid, pupil size, lens

A

oculomotor

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14
Q

cranial nerves for sensations of head and face, chewing

A

trigeminal (Opthalmic - eyes forehead, Maxillary - upper teeth, palate, upper lip, Mandibular - lower teeth, skin of jaw)

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15
Q

motor cranial nerves for eye movement

A

abducens

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16
Q

mixed cranial nerves for taste, facial expression, saliva/tears

A

facial

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17
Q

sensory cranial nerves for hearing/equilibrium

A

vestibulocochlear - vestibular branch (equilibrium), cochlear branch (hearing)

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18
Q

mixed cranial nerves for taste, swallowing, saliva secretion, ear pain/temperature, tongue movement

A

glossopharyngeal

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19
Q

mixed cranial nerves for sensation from larynx, trachea, heard, abdo/tx organs

A

vagus

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20
Q

motor cranial nerves for movement of shoulders/head/neck/back , condition of neck+shoulder muscles

A

spinal accessory

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21
Q

motor cranial nerves for tongue movement

A

hypoglossal

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22
Q

anterior root (spinal nerves)

A

motor fibers

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23
Q

posterior root (spinal nerves)

A

sensory fibers

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24
Q

network of fibers from spinal nerves

A

plexus

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25
Q

4 main plexuses of spinal nerves

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

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26
Q

spinal nerves - skin over back of head - c1

A

lesser occipital

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27
Q

spinal nerves - skin over lower part of ear, anterior to ear- C2

A

greater auricular (cervical plexus)

28
Q

spinal nerves - skin over ventral part of neck - C3

A

transverse cervical

29
Q

spinal nerves - skin of shoulder and upper chest - C4

A

supraclavicular

30
Q

spinal nerves - muscles of neck and shoulders - c4

A

ansa cervicalis

31
Q

spinal nerves - diaphragm - c4

A

phrenic

32
Q

spinal nerves - shoulder, arm - c4

A

axillary

33
Q

spinal nerves - arm- c5

A

musculocutaneous

34
Q

spinal nerve - c6 - forearm

A

median

35
Q

spinal nerve - forearm - c7

A

ular (brachial plexus)

36
Q

spinal nerve - arm/forearm/hand - c8

A

radial

37
Q

spinal nerve - intercostal and abdominal muscles - T2-T12

A

intercostal nerves

38
Q

spinal nerve - skin/muscles of abdominal wall, buttock skin - L1

A

iliohypogastric

39
Q

spinal nerve - skin of thigh, base of penus and scrotum - L4

A

genitofemoral

40
Q

spinal nerve - skin of muscles and thigh, L4, x2

A

femoral and obturator

41
Q

spinal nerve - skin and muscles of leg and foot -S1

A

sciatic (sacral plexus)

42
Q

spinal nerve - perineal region, S3

A

pudendal

43
Q

primarily supplies skeletal muscles with nerves (voluntary movements)

A

somatic (SNS)

44
Q

sends impulses to glands, cardiac, smooth muscles (involuntary movements)

A

autonomic (ANS)

45
Q

system that produces increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, increased BP in stressful times

A

sympathetic system (fight or flight)

46
Q

system that produces decreased heart rate, vasodilation, decreased BP in periods of calm

A

parasympathetic system (rest and relaxation)

47
Q

3 structures of neuro cells

A

dendrites (cytoplasmic projections, receive impulses), cell body and nucleus (accept and interpret impulse), axon (transmits from cell body)

48
Q

cells that protect and support neurons

A

glial cells

49
Q

cells responsible for impulse conduction

A

neuro cells

50
Q

white lipoid covering on axons in PNS

A

myelin sheath

51
Q

purpose of myelin sheath

A

avoid impulse stimulating an adjacent nerve, accelerates transmission through axon

52
Q

grey matter

A

unmyelinated fibers

53
Q

glial cell that wraps around axon in PNS

A

schwann cell

54
Q

space between axon of one nerve and dendrite of another

A

synapse

55
Q

neuron that ends with a synapse

A

presynaptic neuron

56
Q

neuron that begins with a synapse

A

postsynaptic neuron

57
Q

cells that help ward off infection, dont transmit but do reproduce

A

neuroglia

58
Q

4 ttypes of neuroglial cells

A

astrocytes (star shaped, prrevent molecules from entering brain capillaries); oligodendrocytes (develop myelin), microgial cells (phagocytic), ependymal cells (ciliated cells in fluid-filled CNS cavities, circulate cerebrospinal fluid)

59
Q

large bundle of axons wrapped in connective tissue

A

nerve

60
Q

cell bodies grouped together in mass, attached to axon

A

ganglion

61
Q

5 steps of neural response

A

reception, transmission, integration, transmission, actual response

62
Q

stimulus results in predictable automatic response

A

reflex action

63
Q

protective response

A

withdrawal reflex

64
Q

neuron not conducting an impuse

A

resting potential

65
Q

initiated with sodium ions, allowing neuron to depolarize axon

A

action potential

Medical Transcription (42 decks)

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