Neurology Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Serves as the control center for the entire body

Answer 1

Central Nervous system

Question 2

Integrate incoming info and determine appropriate response (2)

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 3

cranial nerves (12 pairs, link to brain) + spinal nerves (31 pairs, link to spinal cord)

Question 4

PNS + CNS

Answer 4

Peripheral Nervous System + Central Nervous System

Question 5

3 types of Nerve Fibers

Answer 5

Sensory, Motor, and Sensory+Motor(mixed)

Question 6

Receive impulses from sense organs, and transmit to CNS

Answer 6

Sensory nerve fibers

Question 7

Conduct impulses away from CNS, traveling to muscles and causing to contract/glands to secrete

Answer 7

Motor nerve fibers

Question 8

Nerve that conducts towards CNS

Answer 8

afferent nerve

Question 9

Nerve that conducts away from CNS

Answer 9

efferent nerve

Question 10

12 pairs of cranial nerves

Answer 10

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal

Question 11

Sensory pair of cranial nerves for smell

Answer 11

olfactory

Question 12

sensory pair of cranial nerves for vision

Answer 12

optic

Question 13

motor cranial nerves for movement of eyeball/eyelid, pupil size, lens

Answer 13

oculomotor

Question 14

cranial nerves for sensations of head and face, chewing

Answer 14

trigeminal (Opthalmic - eyes forehead, Maxillary - upper teeth, palate, upper lip, Mandibular - lower teeth, skin of jaw)

Question 15

motor cranial nerves for eye movement

Answer 15

abducens

Question 16

mixed cranial nerves for taste, facial expression, saliva/tears

Answer 16

facial

Question 17

sensory cranial nerves for hearing/equilibrium

Answer 17

vestibulocochlear - vestibular branch (equilibrium), cochlear branch (hearing)

Question 18

mixed cranial nerves for taste, swallowing, saliva secretion, ear pain/temperature, tongue movement

Answer 18

glossopharyngeal

Question 19

mixed cranial nerves for sensation from larynx, trachea, heard, abdo/tx organs

Answer 19

vagus

Question 20

motor cranial nerves for movement of shoulders/head/neck/back , condition of neck+shoulder muscles

Answer 20

spinal accessory

Question 21

motor cranial nerves for tongue movement

Answer 21

hypoglossal

Question 22

anterior root (spinal nerves)

Answer 22

motor fibers

Question 23

posterior root (spinal nerves)

Answer 23

sensory fibers

Question 24

network of fibers from spinal nerves

Answer 24

plexus

Question 25

4 main plexuses of spinal nerves

Answer 25

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

Question 26

spinal nerves - skin over back of head - c1

Answer 26

lesser occipital

Question 27

spinal nerves - skin over lower part of ear, anterior to ear- C2

Answer 27

greater auricular (cervical plexus)

Question 28

spinal nerves - skin over ventral part of neck - C3

Answer 28

transverse cervical

Question 29

spinal nerves - skin of shoulder and upper chest - C4

Answer 29

supraclavicular

Question 30

spinal nerves - muscles of neck and shoulders - c4

Answer 30

ansa cervicalis

Question 31

spinal nerves - diaphragm - c4

Answer 31

phrenic

Question 32

spinal nerves - shoulder, arm - c4

Answer 32

axillary

Question 33

spinal nerves - arm- c5

Answer 33

musculocutaneous

Question 34

spinal nerve - c6 - forearm

Answer 34

median

Question 35

spinal nerve - forearm - c7

Answer 35

ular (brachial plexus)

Question 36

spinal nerve - arm/forearm/hand - c8

Answer 36

radial

Question 37

spinal nerve - intercostal and abdominal muscles - T2-T12

Answer 37

intercostal nerves

Question 38

spinal nerve - skin/muscles of abdominal wall, buttock skin - L1

Answer 38

iliohypogastric

Question 39

spinal nerve - skin of thigh, base of penus and scrotum - L4

Answer 39

genitofemoral

Question 40

spinal nerve - skin of muscles and thigh, L4, x2

Answer 40

femoral and obturator

Question 41

spinal nerve - skin and muscles of leg and foot -S1

Answer 41

sciatic (sacral plexus)

Question 42

spinal nerve - perineal region, S3

Answer 42

pudendal

Question 43

primarily supplies skeletal muscles with nerves (voluntary movements)

Answer 43

somatic (SNS)

Question 44

sends impulses to glands, cardiac, smooth muscles (involuntary movements)

Answer 44

autonomic (ANS)

Question 45

system that produces increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, increased BP in stressful times

Answer 45

sympathetic system (fight or flight)

Question 46

system that produces decreased heart rate, vasodilation, decreased BP in periods of calm

Answer 46

parasympathetic system (rest and relaxation)

Question 47

3 structures of neuro cells

Answer 47

dendrites (cytoplasmic projections, receive impulses), cell body and nucleus (accept and interpret impulse), axon (transmits from cell body)

Question 48

cells that protect and support neurons

Answer 48

glial cells

Question 49

cells responsible for impulse conduction

Answer 49

neuro cells

Question 50

white lipoid covering on axons in PNS

Answer 50

myelin sheath

Question 51

purpose of myelin sheath

Answer 51

avoid impulse stimulating an adjacent nerve, accelerates transmission through axon

Question 52

grey matter

Answer 52

unmyelinated fibers

Question 53

glial cell that wraps around axon in PNS

Answer 53

schwann cell

Question 54

space between axon of one nerve and dendrite of another

Answer 54

synapse

Question 55

neuron that ends with a synapse

Answer 55

presynaptic neuron

Question 56

neuron that begins with a synapse

Answer 56

postsynaptic neuron

Question 57

cells that help ward off infection, dont transmit but do reproduce

Answer 57

neuroglia

Question 58

4 ttypes of neuroglial cells

Answer 58

astrocytes (star shaped, prrevent molecules from entering brain capillaries); oligodendrocytes (develop myelin), microgial cells (phagocytic), ependymal cells (ciliated cells in fluid-filled CNS cavities, circulate cerebrospinal fluid)

Question 59

large bundle of axons wrapped in connective tissue

Answer 59

nerve

Question 60

cell bodies grouped together in mass, attached to axon

Answer 60

ganglion

Question 61

5 steps of neural response

Answer 61

reception, transmission, integration, transmission, actual response

Question 62

stimulus results in predictable automatic response

Answer 62

reflex action

Question 63

protective response

Answer 63

withdrawal reflex

Question 64

neuron not conducting an impuse

Answer 64

resting potential

Question 65

initiated with sodium ions, allowing neuron to depolarize axon

Answer 65

action potential