Respiration

Question 1

what is respiration

Answer 1

respiration is the process that cells use to produce ATP molecules that are used as the energy sources for the biochemical processes

Question 2

what primary energy source to an organism relies on

Answer 2

the breakdown of glucose.

Question 3

what is glycolysis

Answer 3

glycolysis is the first step of respiration and occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. During glycolysis 1 molecule of glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvates and 2 molecules of ATP. During this process, NAD+molecules gather hydrogen ions to be used later

Question 4

what organisms depend on glycolysis

Answer 4

many microorganisms can depend on glycolysis alone, but most organisms have higher needs and so undergo further steps.

Question 5

what are the categories of respiration

Answer 5

1. aerobic - in the presence of oxygen
2. anaerobic - in the absence of oxygen

Question 6

what is aerobic respiration

Answer 6

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis enters the mitochondria and begins to get broken down. This is called the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle. Each pyruvate molecule will react with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide and water. This process will also produce 2 ATP and a number of specialist hydrogen ions and electron transporters.

Question 7

what is the electron transport chain

Answer 7

The transporters will release hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. These ions flow through the ATP synthase enzyme in the cristae.

Question 8

how many molecules of ATP are produced during the electron transport chain process

Answer 8

32

Question 9

how many molecules of ATP are produced during glycolysis

Answer 9

2

Question 10

how many molecules of ATP are produced during aerobic respiration

Answer 10

2

Question 11

how many ATP molecules will the overall process therefore produce

Answer 11

36

Question 12

what is the equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 12

C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36ATP

Question 13

what is anaerobic respiration

Answer 13

Anaerobic respiration takes place in the cytosol in the absence of oxygen. This process is far less productive and only produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

Question 14

what is fermentation

Answer 14

fermentation works to break down pyruvate and reset the specialist transporter molecules to allow them to continue in further glycolysis

Question 15

do animal cells produce ethanol

Answer 15

no

Question 16

what does the NADP+ do

Answer 16

carries hydrogen ions from the light-dependent reaction to the light-independent reaction

Question 17

what are the reactants and products of glycolysis

Answer 17

glucose is the reactant, the product is 2 pyruvate molecules

Question 18

what are the waste products from anaerobic respiration in animals?

Answer 18

Lactic acid. Cells require energy production faster than oxygen can be supplied.

Question 19

what are the waste products from anaerobic respiration in plants

Answer 19

carbon dioxide and ethanol

Question 20

what is the role of hydrogen ion transporters in aerobic respiration

Answer 20

hydrogen ion transporters combine the hydrogen molecules with oxygen to form water