Factors effecting enzymes Flashcards
why is the shape of enzymes very important
If the active site is not the exact right shape then it will be unable to bind to the substrate.
what are enzymes structure
Enzymes are long chains of amino acids. The chains are sent to the Golgi body where they are folded into specific shapes. Chemical bonds hold them together in their folded shape.
what do we say when a protein is unfolded
it has denatured
what are two factors which have the most impact on the shape of enzymes
- temperature
- pH
what temperature in the human body do enzymes work at an optimum level
around 37 degrees
how do enzymes denature due to temperature?
As the temperature increases, this overcomes the bonds holding the enzyme in its shape, causing them to unfold. The more bonds are broken and the less shape the enzyme retains.
how are some enzymes more resistant to heat than others
These enzymes have a greater number of bonds holding them together.
what effect does increasing temperature have on enzyme activity
As temperature increases, molecules will become more active and collide more often. This means enzyme activity will increase.
what effect does decreasing temperature have on enzyme activity
If the temperature decreases the molecules become less active and slow down meaning there are fewer collisions occurring. This results in a slower enzyme activity
what pH conditions do enzymes work well in
Most enzymes work optimally in neutral conditions
how do enzymes denature due to pH conditions?
When enzymes are placed in acidic conditions the acid begins to break the chemical bonds holding it in its folded shape. This causes it to denature, decreasing the activity.
