biomacromolecules

Question 1

what is a biomacromolecule

Answer 1

A large molecule that is used by living organisms in either structural or functional biogeochemical processes

Question 2

what are the types of biomacromolecules

Answer 2

• carbohydrates
• proteins
• lipids
• nucleic acids

Question 3

what ability do autotrophs have

Answer 3

are capable of synthesising their own molecules surrounding material they have taken in from their surroundings

Question 4

what ability do heterotrophs have

Answer 4

have to ingest and break down organic material in order to synthesise the things that they need

Question 5

what are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 5

• carbon
• hydrogen
• oxygen atoms

Question 6

what is a monosaccharide

Answer 6

a simple sugar that cannot be broken down into smaller sugar molecules

Question 7

draw a diagram of a monosaccharide

Answer 7

check your answer

Question 8

what is a disaccharide

Answer 8

when two sugars are connected

Question 9

draw a diagram of a disaccharide

Answer 9

check your answer

Question 10

what is a polysaccharide

Answer 10

when multiple sugars are connected

Question 11

draw a diagram of a polysaccharide

Answer 11

check your answer

Question 12

what are a carbohydrates fuel source

Answer 12

glucose

Question 13

what are the structural components of carbohydrates

Answer 13

• cell wall (cellulose)

- polysaccharide

Question 14

what forms when carbohydrates and proteins are connected

Answer 14

glycoproteins

Question 15

what important parts of the cell membrane do glycoproteins make up

Answer 15

• cell to cell binding

- binding molecules

Question 16

what are lipids also known as

Answer 16

fats

Question 17

what are lipids made up of

Answer 17

• carbon
• oxygen
• hydrogen

Question 18

what type of molecules are lipids

Answer 18

they are non-polar molecules making them insoluble in water

Question 19

what are lipid’s primary functions

Answer 19

• energy stores
• transport of substances in and out of cells
• protections of cells
• as structural components of membranes

Question 20

what is a triglyceride molecule

Answer 20

a simple lipid formed by linking glycerol with three fatty acids

Question 21

what makes triglyceride molecules insoluble in water

Answer 21

their length

Question 22

are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Answer 22

hydrophobic

Question 23

where are lipids made

Answer 23

the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

what are proteins made up of

Answer 24

• carbon
• hydrogen
• oxygen

Question 25

what do the different elements proteins are made up of form

Answer 25

different amino acids

Question 26

what are short chains of amino acids called

Answer 26

peptides

Question 27

what are multiple peptides called

Answer 27

polypeptides

Question 28

what are chains of polypeptides called

Answer 28

proteins

Question 29

how many amino acids are there to make all the proteins

Answer 29

20

Question 30

how many amino acids is the human body capable of making

Answer 30

11

Question 31

what are the other 9 amino acids considered and how are they retained

Answer 31

they are considered essential amino acids and they are retained in our diet

Question 32

how are proteins considered useful for their tasks

Answer 32

they can differ in sequence but also be folded into shapes

Question 33

where does protein origami happen

Answer 33

in the Golgi apparatus

Question 34

how are various diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and mad cow disease caused

Answer 34

due to misfolded proteins

Question 35

what makes up nucleic acids

Answer 35

DNA and RNA

Question 36

what are nucleic acids used for

Answer 36

provide instructions to synthesise the proteins that carry out the functions of the cell

Question 37

what are nucleic acids made up of

Answer 37

• nitrogenous bases

- sugar phosphate backbones