Mitochondria and bacteria Flashcards
what is the process of releasing energy from glucose
cellular respiration
what is the symbol equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O +6CO2 + energy
The ATP cycle
The energy that is released during respiration is used to convert adenosine diphosphate (ADP) molecules unto adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules
draw a diagram to support the ATP cycle
check your answer
what are the mitochondria responsible for
cellular respiration
what is the structure of the mitochondria
- it has a double membrane
- an outer and inner membrane
what are the folds found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
cristae
what are cristae
cristae are folds that are rich in enzymes which are known as ATP synthases. these folds maximise the SA allowing many reactions to occur.
where is the matrix located
in the inner membrane
what is the matrix
the matrix is a nutrient-rich fluid that provides the resources and reactants needed for the production of ATP
what are the ribosomes used for in the mitochondria
protein synthesis
how is the mitochondria’s genetic material organised
it is organised as a single chromosomal loop
what is the endosymbiotic theory
Proposes that the mitochondria were once a small bacterial cell that was consumed by a larger prokaryotic cell. Rather than breaking down, the two formed a symbiotic relationship
what evidence is there supporting the endosymbiotic theory on the mitochondria
- are very similar in size and structure to bacteria
- contain their own DNA and ribosomes
- Ribosomes are the same size as those in bacteria
- DNA is much more similar to modern bacteria than to that found in the host nucleus
- Replicate through binary fission just like bacteria
does the endosymbiotic theory support chloroplasts
Yes. Chloroplasts in plant cells were formed the same way. Because eukaryotic cells have mitochondrial, but only some have chloroplasts, it is thought that the mitochondria were ingested first.
