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Foundations of Medicine JMO > Reproductive system > Flashcards

Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to a male gamete?

A

Spermatozoa

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2
Q

What is the name given to a female gamete?

A

Oocyte/ovum

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3
Q

What are the male gonads?

A

Testes

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4
Q

What are the female gonads?

A

Ovaries

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5
Q

Why type of cell is a gamete?

A

Haploid cell

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6
Q

How many chromosomes are found in a normal gamete?

A

23

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7
Q

What are the 2 regions of the pelvic cavity?

A

False/greater pelvis
True/lesser pelvis

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8
Q

What bones make up the pelvic inlet?

A

Sacrum
Ileum
Pubic bones

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9
Q

What bones make up the pelvic outlet?

A

Coccyx
Ischial tuberosities
Pubis symphysis

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10
Q

What type of tissue makes up the pelvic floor?

A

Skeletal muscle

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11
Q

What does the pelvic floor separate?

A

The pelvic cavity and the perineum

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12
Q

Where is the perineum found?

A

Inferior to the pelvic floor, between the proximal parts of the lower limbs

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13
Q

What are the 3 openings in the pelvic floor for?

A

The distal alimentary, reproductive and renal tracts to pass through

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14
Q

What type of tissue forms the pelvic roof?

A

Parietal peritoneum; thin serous membrane that secretes fluid

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15
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum?

A

The lining of the abdominal cavity, firmly attached to the walls of the abdomen. It drapes of the pelvic viscera

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16
Q

What are the 2 pouches of the parietal peritoneum?

A

Vesico-uterine pouch
Rectouterine pouch/ Pouch of Douglas

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17
Q

Where is the Vesico-uterine pouch found?

A

Between the bladder and uterus

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18
Q

Where is the Rectouterine pouch found?

A

Between the rectum and the uterus

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19
Q

What are the 3 orifices of the female perineum?

A

External urethral orifice
Vaginal orifice
Anus

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20
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus wall?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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21
Q

What is the opening to the uterine/ fallopian tubes called?

A

Isthmus

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22
Q

What is the centre part of the fallopian tube called?

A

Ampulla

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23
Q

What is the widest end of the fallopian tube called?

A

Infundibulum

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24
Q

What are the finger-like projections at the end of the infundibulum called?

A

Fimbrae

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25
Q

What is the opening to the uterus known as?

A

Cervix

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26
Q

What is the most common position of the uterus?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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27
Q

What is meant anteverted?

A

The cervix is tipped anteriorly, relative to the axis of the vagina?

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28
Q

What is meant by anteflexed?

A

Uterus is tipped anteriorly, relative to the axis of the cervix?

29
Q

Where do the ovaries develop?

A

On the posterior abdominal wall, before moving onto the lateral wall of the pelvis

30
Q

What blood vessel supplies the ovaries?

A

Ovarian artery, from the posterior abdominal wall, branching from the abdominal aorta

31
Q

What blood vessel supplies the uterus?

A

Uterine artery, branching from the internal iliac artery

32
Q

What blood vessel supplies the vagina?

A

Vaginal artery, branching from the uterine artery

33
Q

How is an unfertilised ovum expelled from the uterus?

A

By contractions of the myometrium

34
Q

Where do the ovaries secrete the matured ovum to?

A

The peritoneal cavity

35
Q

How is the ovum taken from the peritoneal cavity to the infundibulum?

A

The fimbrae gather the ovum into the uterine tubes

36
Q

How is the ovum moved through the uterine tube?

A

By cilia

37
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

A pregnancy in which the ovum implants somewhere outside of the uterine cavity

38
Q

What is the danger of an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Haemorrhage

39
Q

What is the process of female sterilisation?

A

Tubal ligation

40
Q

What occurs during tubal ligation?

A

Both uterine tubes are clipped, cut or cauterised, therefore blocking the lumen

41
Q

What is the medical name given to the foreskin?

A

Prepuce

42
Q

What carries both urine and sperm in the penis, to the external urethral orifice?

A

Urethra

43
Q

Where do the testes develop?

A

The posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

44
Q

Where do the testes sit after development and in adulthood?

A

Scrotum

45
Q

Through what surface do the testes pass when they descend to the scrotum?

A

The anterior abdominal wall

46
Q

What does descension of the testes through the anterior abdominal wall form?

A

Inguinal canals

47
Q

What do the inguinal canals leave the abdominal wall at risk of?

A

Inguinal hernias

48
Q

Where in the testes is sperm produced?

A

Seminiferous tubules

49
Q

What temperature is maintained in the testes?

A

Around 1°C below core body temperature

50
Q

What muscle helps with temperature control in the testes?

A

Dartos muscle

51
Q

How does the dartos muscle control temperature?

A

Contraction of the dartos muscle leads to a decrease in scrotal surface area, so less heat loss. Relaxation of the dartos muscle leads to an increase in scrotal surface area, so more heat loss can occur

52
Q

What collects the spermatozoa produced by the seminiferous tubules?

A

Rete testis

53
Q

Where do the sperm pass after the rete testis for storage?

A

Epididymis

54
Q

What tube carries sperm from the testes and is a continuation of the epididymis?

A

Vas deferens

55
Q

What 3 components are contained in the spermatic cord?

A

Vas deferens
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus of veins

56
Q

What blood vessel supplies the testes?

A

Testicular artery

57
Q

What occurs during torsion of the testis?

A

The spermatic chord becomes twisted, disrupting blood supply to the testes, leading to severe pain and necrosis

58
Q

What forms the spermatic cord?

A

Connective tissue

59
Q

What carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

A

Ureter

60
Q

What gland produces seminal fluid?

A

Seminal gland

61
Q

What is the function of the seminal fluid?

A

It contains sugars to provide energy for sperm

62
Q

At which duct do sperm from the vas deferens combine with seminal fluid?

A

Ejaculatory duct

63
Q

Where does the semen pass after the ejaculatory duct?

A

Through the prostatic urethra, through the prostate gland

64
Q

What occurs in the prostatic urethra?

A

Urine is drained from the bladder and semen is passed during ejaculation

65
Q

Where does the semen travel from the prostatic urethra, during ejaculation?

A

Through the spongy urethra and into the build of the penis

66
Q

What type of tissue make up the 3 columns of the penis?

A

Erectile tissue that contains many small spaces that can fill with blood

67
Q

What are the 2 components of semen?

A

Seminal fluid and spermatozoa

68
Q

What is the process of male sterilisation?

A

Vasectomy

69
Q

What occurs during a vasectomy?

A

The vas deferens is transected and its lumen is sutured closed

Foundations of Medicine JMO (56 decks)

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