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Foundations of Medicine JMO > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What weeks of development are classed as trimester 1?

A

Weeks 0-12

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2
Q

What weeks of development are classed as trimester 2?

A

Weeks 12-24

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3
Q

What weeks of development are classed as trimester 3?

A

Weeks 24-Birth

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4
Q

What week is full term?

A

38-40 weeks

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5
Q

What are weeks 0-3 known as?

A

Conceptus/embryo stage

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6
Q

What are weeks 3-8 known as?

A

Embryonic period

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7
Q

What are weeks 8-40 known as?

A

Foetal period

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8
Q

What are the 6 phases of embryogenesis?

A

Gametogenesis
Fertilisation
Cleavage
Gastrulation
Formation of a body plan
Organogenesis

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9
Q

What is gametogenesis?

A

The formation of a gamete

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10
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Formation of an oocyte/ovum

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11
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Formation of a sperm

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12
Q

When does oogenesis occur?

A

During development (weeks 28-30) - a female is born with all of the oocytes that they will ever have

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13
Q

What phase of meiosis does the primordial germ cell arrest in during development?

A

Prophase II

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14
Q

When does spermatogenesis occur?

A

During puberty

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15
Q

How long does the cycle to form 1 sperm take?

A

64-74 days

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16
Q

What is the medical name for down syndrome?

A

Trisomy 21

17
Q

What causes trisomy 21

A

Non-disjunction, in which half of the daughter cells from meiosis contain 2 copies of chromosome 21 and half contain 0 copies

18
Q

What is trisomy 21 an example of?

A

Aneuploidy

19
Q

What occurs during organogenesis?

A

Formation of organs and organ systems

20
Q

During which trimester is most weight gained?

21
Q

What is the anterior surface of the foetus called?

22
Q

What is the inferior surface of the foetus called?

23
Q

What is the superior surface of the foetus called?

24
Q

What is the posterior surface of the foetus called?

25
Q

What are the 6 primary processes that occur?

A

Cell division
Differentiation
Cell attachment
Apoptosis
Induction
Cell migration

26
Q

What is meant by induction?

A

The ability of one cell type to cause another to differentiate

27
Q

What are the 2 secondary processes that occur?

A

Axis formation/ polarity - knowing where cells are in relation to others
Folding/ rotation - Gives the embryo its 3D structure

28
Q

What syndrome is caused by deletion on maternal chromosome 15?

A

Angelman syndrome

29
Q

What syndrome is caused by deletion on paternal chromosome 15?

A

Prader-Willi syndrome

Foundations of Medicine JMO (56 decks)

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