Organisation of cells Flashcards
What are the four basic layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall?
The mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis and the serosa/adventitia
What are the 3 layers of the mucosa?
The epithelium, the lamina propria and the muscular mucosa
What forms the lamina propria?
Connective tissue found beneath the epithelium
What forms the muscular mucosa?
Muscular tissue that separates the mucosa from the submucosa
What are the two components of the Muscularis?
The muscularis interna and muscularis externa
In which direction does the muscularis interna wrap around the tract?
In a circular direction
In which direction does the musularis externa wrap around the tract?
In a longitudinal direction
What are the 2 components of the serosa layer?
Connective tissue and simple epithelium
What is the main component of the adventitia layer?
Connective tissue
Which organs of the GI tract contain non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium in their mucosa layer?
Oral Cavity, pharynx, oesophagus and anal canal
Which organ of the GI tract contain Simple columnar epithelium with vili and tubular glands in its mucosa layer?
Small intestine
Which organ of the GI tract contains simple columnar epithelium with extensive tubular glands in its mucosa layer?
Stomach
Which organ of the GI tract contains simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands?
Large intestine
What are the 3 main salivary glands?
Parotid, submandibular and sublingual
What are the 4 associated organs of the digestive system?
Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas
What type of secreting cell does the parotid gland contain?
Serous secreting cells
What types of secreting cells does the sublingual gland contain?
Mucous and serous secreting cells
What types of secreting cells does the submandibular gland contain?
Serous and mucous secreting cells
What are the cells of the liver known as
Hepatocytes
In what arrangement is a hepatic lobule?
Hexagonal
What is found at the corners of the hepatic lobule?
A portal triad
What makes up the portal triad of the liver?
A branch of portal vein, a branch of hepatic artery and a bile duct
In which direction does blood flow within the hepatic lobule?
from the portal and hepatic arteries to the central vein through sinusoids
Why is the pancreas described as a mixed gland?
It contains exocrine and endocrine portions
What makes up the exocrine portion of the pancreas?
Serous acini that produce digestive juices, proteases and lipases
What makes up the endocrine portion of the pancreas?
The islets of Langerhans that proceed insulin and glucagon
How many types of cells are found within the islets of langerhans?
4
What type of cell produces glucagon within the islets of Langerhans?
α cells
What type of cell produces insulin within the islets of Langerhans?
ß cells
What are the 4 main sections of the respiratory system?
Upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs
What type of epithelium is found in the trachea?
Pseudo-stratified, ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
What type of cartilage makes up the tracheal ring?
Hyaline
What are the 2 main characteristics of the bronchial wall?
Have large diameter lumen and have hyaline cartilage in their wall
What are the 3 main characteristics of the bronchiole wall?
Smaller lumen of airways, have no cartilage in their wall, instead they have smooth muscle predominates
What type of epithelium surround the alveoli in the lungs?
Simple, squamous epithelium
What is the main functional unit of the kidney called?
The nephron
What are the two layers of the kidneys?
Cortex and medulla
Which two sections of the nephron are present in the medulla?
The loop of Henle and the collecting duct
What 3 sections of the nephron are present in the cortex?
The renal corpuscle (Bowan’s capsule and Glomerulus), the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule
What is the name of the arteriole that feeds into the glomerulus called?
The afferent arteriole
What is the name of the arteriole that comes out of the glomerulus called?
The efferent arteriole
