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Foundations of Medicine > Organisation of cells > Flashcards

Organisation of cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four basic layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall?

A

The mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis and the serosa/adventitia

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the mucosa?

A

The epithelium, the lamina propria and the muscular mucosa

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3
Q

What forms the lamina propria?

A

Connective tissue found beneath the epithelium

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4
Q

What forms the muscular mucosa?

A

Muscular tissue that separates the mucosa from the submucosa

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5
Q

What are the two components of the Muscularis?

A

The muscularis interna and muscularis externa

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6
Q

In which direction does the muscularis interna wrap around the tract?

A

In a circular direction

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7
Q

In which direction does the musularis externa wrap around the tract?

A

In a longitudinal direction

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8
Q

What are the 2 components of the serosa layer?

A

Connective tissue and simple epithelium

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9
Q

What is the main component of the adventitia layer?

A

Connective tissue

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10
Q

Which organs of the GI tract contain non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium in their mucosa layer?

A

Oral Cavity, pharynx, oesophagus and anal canal

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11
Q

Which organ of the GI tract contain Simple columnar epithelium with vili and tubular glands in its mucosa layer?

A

Small intestine

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12
Q

Which organ of the GI tract contains simple columnar epithelium with extensive tubular glands in its mucosa layer?

A

Stomach

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13
Q

Which organ of the GI tract contains simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands?

A

Large intestine

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14
Q

What are the 3 main salivary glands?

A

Parotid, submandibular and sublingual

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15
Q

What are the 4 associated organs of the digestive system?

A

Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas

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16
Q

What type of secreting cell does the parotid gland contain?

A

Serous secreting cells

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17
Q

What types of secreting cells does the sublingual gland contain?

A

Mucous and serous secreting cells

18
Q

What types of secreting cells does the submandibular gland contain?

A

Serous and mucous secreting cells

19
Q

What are the cells of the liver known as

A

Hepatocytes

20
Q

In what arrangement is a hepatic lobule?

A

Hexagonal

21
Q

What is found at the corners of the hepatic lobule?

A

A portal triad

22
Q

What makes up the portal triad of the liver?

A

A branch of portal vein, a branch of hepatic artery and a bile duct

23
Q

In which direction does blood flow within the hepatic lobule?

A

from the portal and hepatic arteries to the central vein through sinusoids

24
Q

Why is the pancreas described as a mixed gland?

A

It contains exocrine and endocrine portions

25
Q

What makes up the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

A

Serous acini that produce digestive juices, proteases and lipases

26
Q

What makes up the endocrine portion of the pancreas?

A

The islets of Langerhans that proceed insulin and glucagon

27
Q

How many types of cells are found within the islets of langerhans?

A

4

28
Q

What type of cell produces glucagon within the islets of Langerhans?

A

α cells

29
Q

What type of cell produces insulin within the islets of Langerhans?

A

ß cells

30
Q

What are the 4 main sections of the respiratory system?

A

Upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs

31
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the trachea?

A

Pseudo-stratified, ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

32
Q

What type of cartilage makes up the tracheal ring?

A

Hyaline

33
Q

What are the 2 main characteristics of the bronchial wall?

A

Have large diameter lumen and have hyaline cartilage in their wall

34
Q

What are the 3 main characteristics of the bronchiole wall?

A

Smaller lumen of airways, have no cartilage in their wall, instead they have smooth muscle predominates

35
Q

What type of epithelium surround the alveoli in the lungs?

A

Simple, squamous epithelium

36
Q

What is the main functional unit of the kidney called?

A

The nephron

37
Q

What are the two layers of the kidneys?

A

Cortex and medulla

38
Q

Which two sections of the nephron are present in the medulla?

A

The loop of Henle and the collecting duct

39
Q

What 3 sections of the nephron are present in the cortex?

A

The renal corpuscle (Bowan’s capsule and Glomerulus), the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule

40
Q

What is the name of the arteriole that feeds into the glomerulus called?

A

The afferent arteriole

41
Q

What is the name of the arteriole that comes out of the glomerulus called?

A

The efferent arteriole

Foundations of Medicine (56 decks)

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