Cell injury Flashcards
What is hyperplasia?
An increase in number of cells in a tissue
What is metaplasia?
The replacement of one differentiated cell type with another
What is hypertrophy?
An increase in cell size
What is atrophy?
A reduction in cell size
What stimulates hyperplasia?
An increased demand for cells by an external stimulus
What are some examples of external stimuli that can cause hyperplasia?
Hormonal changes in puberty cause hyperplasia in breast tissue
Pregnancy hormones (Oestrogen) causes hyperplasia of the endometrium
Blood loss causes release of EPO hormone (Erythropoietin), causing hyperplasia of the bone marrow
What factor usually causes hypertrophy?
Mechanical stress
What are some examples of stimuli that can cause hypertrophy of the left ventricle wall?
Athleticism
Hypertension
Myocardial infraction
What causes atrophy?
Decreased demand for the cells
What are some examples of stimuli that can lead to atrophy?
Decreased work load
Clearing of embryonic structures
Loss of nerve innervation
Loss of blood supply
Loss of hormonal stimulation
Malnutrition
Pressure
Protein degradation
What are the 3 types of growth factor receptors?
Receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase pathways
Receptors without intrinsic tyrosine kinase pathways
7 Transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor
What
