Renal Tubules, drugs Flashcards
Reabsorbs 67% of fluid and electrolytes filtered by glomerulus
Proximal Tubule
concentrates urine
collecting duct
site of secretion of organic anions and cations
proximal tubule
always impermeable to water
thick ascending limb
permeable to water only in presence of ADH
late distal tubule, collecting duct
Site of Na/K/2CL cotransporter
thick ascending limb
site of isotonic fluid reabsorption
proximal tubule
site responsible for diluting urine
thick ascending limb
site where glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed
proximal tubule
water reabsorption in loop of Henle
thin descending limb
Mannitol: mechanism
osmotic diuretic
Mannitol: location of action
PCT
Mannitol: toxicity (2)
pulmonary edema
dehydration
Mannitol: uses (3)
Shock, drug overdose, high ocular/cranial pressure
Acetazolamide: mechanism
Carbonic anydrase inhibitor; causes NaHCO3 diuresis, reduction in total-body HCO3- stores
Acetazolamide: location of action
PCT
Acetazolamide: toxicity (4)
hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
neuropathy
NH3 toxicity
Sulfa allergy
Acetazolamide: uses (4)
Glaucoma
Urinary alkalinization
metabolic alkalosis
altitude sickness
Furosemide: mechanism
Inhibits Na/K/2Cl cotransporter
Furosemide: location
Loop of Henle, thick ascending limb
Furosemide: toxicity (6)
Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Dehydration Allergy (sulfa) Nephritis (interstitial) Gout
Furosemide: uses (3)
Edema
HTN
Hypercalcemia
Ethacrynic acid: mechanism
Phenoxyacetic acid derivative, same as furosemide
Ethacrynic acid: location
Loop of Henle; thick ascending limb
Ethacrynic acid: 6 toxicities
Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Dehydration Allergy (sulfa) Nephritis (interstitial) Gout
Ethacrynic acid: use
diuresis in sulfa-allergic patients
Hydrochlorothiazide: mechanism
Inhibits NaCl reabsorption
Hydrochlorothiazide: location
early distal tubule
Hydrochlorothiazide: toxicities (7)
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis hyponatremia hyperglycemia hyperlipidemia hyperuricemia hypercalcemia sulfa allergy
Hydrochlorothiazide: uses (4)
HTN
CHF
Idiopathic hypercalciuria
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Spironolactone/Eplerenone:mechanism
K sparing diuretic; competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist
Spironolactone/Eplerenone: location
cortical collecting tubule
Spironolactone/Eplerenone: toxicities (2)
hyperkalemia
endocrine effects
Spironolactone/Eplerenone: uses (3)
hyperaldosteronism
K depletion
CHF
Triamterene/Amiloride: mechanism
K sparing diuretic; block Na channels
Triamterene/Amiloride: location
CCT
Triamterene/Amiloride: toxicity
Hyperkalemia
Triamterene/Amiloride: uses (3)
hyperaldosteronism
K depletion
CHF
Captopril/Enalapril/lisinopril: mechanism
ACE inhibitor
Captopril/Enalapril/lisinopril uses (3)
HTN
CHF
Diabetic renal disease
Captopril/Enalapril/lisinopril: toxicity (10)
Cough Angioedema Proteinuria Taste changes hypOtension Pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage) Rash Increased renin Lower angiotensin II hyperkalemia
