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Step 1 stuff > Diabetic drugs > Flashcards

Diabetic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin drugs: mechanism

A

Bind insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity)

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2
Q

Insulin drugs: clinical use

A

DM types I and II

Life-threatening hyperkalemia and stress-induced hyperglycemia

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3
Q

Insulin drugs: toxicities

A 
Hypoglycemia
Hypersensitivity reaction (rare)
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4
Q

Lispro: type

A

Short-acting insulin

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5
Q

Aspart: type

A

Short-acting insulin

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6
Q

NPH: type

A

Medium-acting insulin

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7
Q

Glargine: type

A

Long-acting insulin

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8
Q

Detemir: type

A

long-acting insulin

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9
Q

Sulfonylureas: action

A

Close K channel in beta-cell membrane (cell depolarizes leading to insulin realease)

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10
Q

Sulfonylureas: clinical use

A

Release of endogenous insulin in DM II

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11
Q

Sulfonylureas: toxicities

A

First gen: disulfiram-like effect

Second gen: hypoglycemia

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12
Q

Tolbutamide: type

A

1st gen sulfonylurea

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13
Q

Chlorpropamide: type

A

1st gen sulfonylurea

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14
Q

Glyburide: type

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

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15
Q

Glimepride: type

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

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16
Q

Glipizide: type

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

17
Q

Metformin: action

A

unknown, possibly decrease gluconeogenesis, increase glycolysis, decrease serum glucose levels.
Overall: insulin sensitizer

18
Q

Metformin: clinical use

A

Oral hypoglycemic

Useful in patients without islet function

19
Q

Metformin: toxicities

A

lactic acidosis (contraindicated in renal failure, do not use with contrast dye)

20
Q

Glitazones/thiazolidinediones: action

A

Increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue

bind PPAR-gamma, upregulate transcription of glucose and lipid metabolism factors (lowers insulin resistance)

21
Q

Glitazones/thiazolidinediones: clinical use

A

Monotherapy in DM II or as augmenter of other drugs

22
Q

Glitazones/thizolidinediones: 4 toxicities

A

Weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, CV toxicity

23
Q

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: action

A

Inhibit intestinal brush-border alpha glucosidases: delays sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption

24
Q

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: clinical use

A

Monotherapy DM II or in combination

25
Q

Alphaglucosidase inhibitors: toxicities

A

GI disturbances

26
Q

acarbose: type

A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

27
Q

miglitol: type

A

alphaglucosidase inhibitor

28
Q

Pramlintide: action

A

lower glucagon

29
Q

Pramlintide: use

A

DM II

30
Q

Pramlintide: 3 toxicities

A

Hypoglycemia
Nausea
Diarrhea

31
Q

Exenatide: action

A

Increase insulin, decrease glucagon

32
Q

Exenatide: use

A

DM II

33
Q

Exenatide: 3 toxicities

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Pancreatitis

Step 1 stuff (36 decks)

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