Relations and disputes with parliaments, 1625-29

Question 1

What were the main themes of the 1625 Parliament?

Answer 1

FINANCE
Arminians
Buckingham

Question 2

Why does Charles feel his prerogative has been attacked in the 1625 Parliament?

Answer 2

Needs money for Anglo-Spanish war
Doesn’t explain clearly
Parliament only give 2 small subsidies & t & p for 1 year
Charles needed £1 million
Collects t&p anyways

Question 3

What do parliament attack Charles for in the 1625 Parliament?
What is Charles’ response?
What does this show?

Answer 3

Support for Montagu
Made him Royal Chaplain 1625
Disregard for Calvin & parliament views

Question 4

Why were favourites a topic of discussion in the 1625 Parliament?

Answer 4

Buckingham has big influence
Increased since 1616 & James’ death
Gentleman of the chamber (access to Charles at all times)

Question 5

Why did Charles dissolve the 1625 Parliament?
When?
What was not achieved during this parliament?

Answer 5

Response to Arminian & Buckingham attacks
August 1625 (2 months)
Charles made no concessions

Question 6

When was the Cadiz fallire?
What was it?

Answer 6

Inbetween 1625 & 1626 parliaments
Disastrous anti-Spanish intervention in 30 years war

Question 7

How & why did Cadiz fail?

Answer 7

Fail to take Cadiz port
German mercenary court troops raised by force
Ill trained & equipped
4,000/6,000 died of disease & starvation

Question 8

What was a consequence of the Cadiz failure?

Answer 8

Charles needs to recall parliament for funds

Question 9

How was the 1626 Parliament opened?

Answer 9

Opening sermon by anti-Calvinist
Antagonised Parliament

Question 10

Why was the 1626 parliament called?
Why does Charles think parliament is avoiding this?

Answer 10

Needed funds for 30 years war
Parliament blame Buckingham for Cadiz as he was the Lord High Admiral

Question 11

Which opponents of Charles were shut out?
Which opponents of Buckingham were shut out?

Answer 11

Coke
Wentworth
Made sheriffs

Dismissed Williams
Arrested earl of Arundel

Question 12

Who were impeachment charges bagna against during the 1626 parliament?
How did Charles avoid this?

Answer 12

Buckingham
Pushed onto Bristol (treason)
Bristol convinces MPs of Buckingham treason with evidence
So Charles threatens parliament’s existence

Question 13

How was parliament’s negative impression of Charles reinforced in the 1626 parliament?
What was this made worse by?

Answer 13

Charles handling of Buckingham impeachment proceedings reeked of absolutism
Dissolution in 1626

Question 14

What did Charles use to raise money for the 30 years war when he dissolved the 1626 parliament?

Answer 14

The forced loan
Only 70% collected

Question 15

Why did Charles dissolve the 1626 parliament?

Answer 15

Antagonised by parliament blaming Buckingham for Cadiz
Parliament not funding FP
Buckingham impeachment proceedings

Question 16

What was the La Rochelle exposition?
When?

Answer 16

Buckingham in charge of reversing aid of Catholic France against Protestant Huguenots (french Protestants)
1627

Question 17

Why did the La Rochelle campaign fail?
How many men returned?

Answer 17

Months of siege & eventual failure at St Martian stronghold (bc ladders too short for wall)
3,000/8,000 returned

Question 18

Why was La Rochelle pointless?

Answer 18

Policy reverse not needed
French king & Huguenots already made peace
Britain now at war with Spain & France 2 years into Charles’ reign

Question 19

How did the 1628-29 parliament start off well?

Answer 19

Commons seemed willing to compromise at start
Would agree to 5 subsidies for war if dealt with:
Illegality of extra taxes
Billeting (hosting of troops without compensation)
Martial law (seen as absolutist)
Imprisonment without trial (after 5 knights case)

Question 20

When was the 5 knights case?
What was it?

Answer 20

1627
Imprisoned for opposing forced loan
Claimed Habeus Corpus in court
Case saw Charles prerogative upheld

Question 21

What did the outcome of the 5 knights case mean?
How did Charles go against this?

Answer 21

Charles had right to imprison without trial for this case only, not in general
Falsified documents stating ruling was in general

Question 22

When were the 5 knights released?

Answer 22

1628

Question 23

What was parliament’s response to the ruling of the 5 knights case?
Who supported this?

Answer 23

Petition of right 1628
Concern that Charles couldn’t be trusted to rule without written constitution
Coke

Question 24

What were the 4 main points of parliament’s petition of right?

Answer 24

Parliament must consent to taxation
Imprisonment only if just cause shown
Martial law illegal on population
Billeting illegal

Question 25

When did Charles accept the petition of right?
What was the problem with his response?

Answer 25

June 1628
Under threat of impeachment proceedings on Buckingham
Needed funds for FP

Not legal response of royal assent
Could Charles be trusted?

Question 26

Why did Charles suspend the 1628-29 parliament?
What did Charles to immediately after?

Answer 26

Remonstrance (grievance) attacked Buckingham’s FP
Another remonstrance as Charles collected t&p against petition of right

Collected t&p

Question 27

When was Buckingham assassinated?
Who by?
What was the publics reaction?
What did Charles do?

Answer 27

23 august 1628
Disgruntled soldier Felton (at La Rochelle)
Public rejoice

Blamed parliament
Listened to wife more

Question 28

What was arbitrary arrest?

Answer 28

Arrest or imprisonment of any person without any reason or evidence

Question 29

What is habeas corpus

Answer 29

A writ (form of written command) requiring those under arrest to be tried/brought before a judge before imprisonment