Chapter 8 Flashcards
When was Charles’ personal rule?
What was the amount of debt?
1629-40
£2 million
What was the financial reason for Charles’ personal rule?
Could collect funds without parliament interference:
Feudal dues
T&p
Imposition
Customs duties
What did the personal rule give Charles?
Fiscal feudalism: Ship money:
Prerogative income
Emergency to fund navy
1634 - levied on costal towns
1635 - extended inland
Levied annually until 1639
Success - £200,000 yearly
What is significant about the start date of Charles’ personal rule?
How did this cause problems?
Buckingham assassinated 1628
Increasing reliance on Catholic wife
Adds to puritan idea of Catholic conspiracy: influence over Charles in court
What was the personal rule triggered by?
The three resolutions 1629 seen as a revolutionary act
Collapse Charles & parliament relationship
Charles believed in his Devine right to rule
What did the personal rule give greater importance to?
Privy Council:
Laud
Juxton
Weston became very close advisor of Charles
What did the personal rule end just before?
What does this show?
Start of civil war 1642
Scottish rebellion
Charles needed funds
Scottish rebellion triggered Irish rebellion & English unrest
Internal & external FP
Charles fighting on multiple fronts
What was the Scottish rebellion caused by?
Laud’s increasing imposition of Catholicism through Laudianism & Arminianism
Charles new prayer book
Articles of Perth 1625
How did Charles cause the Bishops wars?
Cut off from Scottish discontent
Alienated Scot’s through religious uniformity
Role of bishops suspicious for Presbyterian Scotland
How did the bishops wars start?
1637
Bishops riot in Edinburgh & Glasgow over Laudian prayer book
How did the bishops wars cause the recalling of parliament?
Charles calls Wentworth from Ireland in 1639
Wentworth advised recalling (short parliament) for money
How was Ireland politically divided in 1629?
What was the problem with the new English settlers?
Irish catholics
Protestant new English
Protestant Scots
Plantation policy: English court took landslide & gave to English settlers
Who was the Lord deputy in Ireland during the personal rule?
Thomas Wentworth
When was the Irish rebellion?
How did Wentworth partially cause it?
October 1641
Alienated Irish groups
Called to Scottish rebellion in 1639 so Catholic Irish push back against English settlers
What was opposition in England?
To Charles financial & religious policies
Hampden Court case 1637
What was the Hampden Court case?
1637
Hampden in court for not paying ship money
Hampden looked to opposers if Charles’ regime
What was the vote of the Hampden court case?
How did the public come to know much about the case?
Charles win slimily 7 to 5
Case facts widely circulated
When was the short parliament?
Why was it so short?
1640, April 13 - May 5
Charles not compromising so dissolved as wanted to meet Scot’s in the field
What was Charles not willing to compromise during the short parliament, leading to its dissolution?
Pym & Finnes in league with Scottish Covenanters
Both thought long term solution could be made if Charles made concessions in parliament
Charles needed 12 subsidies & wasn’t prepared to make equivalent concessions
What was the state of the PN during the short parliament?
Unorganised but united about ending personal rule
How did Charles gain support for funds during the short parliament?
Made ship money illegal, but didn’t give any subsidies
Who did Charles arrest after the short parliament?
Pym
Finnes
Hampdon
Warwick (not Wentworth Lord Deputy in Ireland)
Brooke
Why did Charles need to call the long parliament in 1640?
Start of the civil war
Scottish invade in august 1640
Occupy Newcastle
Treaty of Ripon makes Charles pay Scottish living costs while on English soil
What did financial ministers have to during the personal rule?
Raise revenue & cut expenditure:
Peace with France, 1629, treaty of Susa
Peace with Spain, 1630, treaty of Madrid
Not liked by puritans as saw war with catholics as a crusade
Weston reforms court finance
Alienated some PN members
