Chapter 8

Question 1

When was Charles’ personal rule?
What was the amount of debt?

Answer 1

1629-40
£2 million

Question 2

What was the financial reason for Charles’ personal rule?

Answer 2

Could collect funds without parliament interference:
Feudal dues
T&p
Imposition
Customs duties

Question 3

What did the personal rule give Charles?

Answer 3

Fiscal feudalism: Ship money:
Prerogative income
Emergency to fund navy
1634 - levied on costal towns
1635 - extended inland
Levied annually until 1639
Success - £200,000 yearly

Question 4

What is significant about the start date of Charles’ personal rule?
How did this cause problems?

Answer 4

Buckingham assassinated 1628
Increasing reliance on Catholic wife
Adds to puritan idea of Catholic conspiracy: influence over Charles in court

Question 5

What was the personal rule triggered by?

Answer 5

The three resolutions 1629 seen as a revolutionary act
Collapse Charles & parliament relationship
Charles believed in his Devine right to rule

Question 6

What did the personal rule give greater importance to?

Answer 6

Privy Council:
Laud
Juxton
Weston became very close advisor of Charles

Question 7

What did the personal rule end just before?
What does this show?

Answer 7

Start of civil war 1642
Scottish rebellion
Charles needed funds

Scottish rebellion triggered Irish rebellion & English unrest
Internal & external FP
Charles fighting on multiple fronts

Question 8

What was the Scottish rebellion caused by?

Answer 8

Laud’s increasing imposition of Catholicism through Laudianism & Arminianism
Charles new prayer book
Articles of Perth 1625

Question 9

How did Charles cause the Bishops wars?

Answer 9

Cut off from Scottish discontent
Alienated Scot’s through religious uniformity
Role of bishops suspicious for Presbyterian Scotland

Question 10

How did the bishops wars start?

Answer 10

1637
Bishops riot in Edinburgh & Glasgow over Laudian prayer book

Question 11

How did the bishops wars cause the recalling of parliament?

Answer 11

Charles calls Wentworth from Ireland in 1639
Wentworth advised recalling (short parliament) for money

Question 12

How was Ireland politically divided in 1629?
What was the problem with the new English settlers?

Answer 12

Irish catholics
Protestant new English
Protestant Scots

Plantation policy: English court took landslide & gave to English settlers

Question 13

Who was the Lord deputy in Ireland during the personal rule?

Answer 13

Thomas Wentworth

Question 14

When was the Irish rebellion?
How did Wentworth partially cause it?

Answer 14

October 1641
Alienated Irish groups
Called to Scottish rebellion in 1639 so Catholic Irish push back against English settlers

Question 15

What was opposition in England?

Answer 15

To Charles financial & religious policies
Hampden Court case 1637

Question 16

What was the Hampden Court case?

Answer 16

1637
Hampden in court for not paying ship money
Hampden looked to opposers if Charles’ regime

Question 17

What was the vote of the Hampden court case?
How did the public come to know much about the case?

Answer 17

Charles win slimily 7 to 5
Case facts widely circulated

Question 18

When was the short parliament?
Why was it so short?

Answer 18

1640, April 13 - May 5
Charles not compromising so dissolved as wanted to meet Scot’s in the field

Question 19

What was Charles not willing to compromise during the short parliament, leading to its dissolution?

Answer 19

Pym & Finnes in league with Scottish Covenanters
Both thought long term solution could be made if Charles made concessions in parliament
Charles needed 12 subsidies & wasn’t prepared to make equivalent concessions

Question 20

What was the state of the PN during the short parliament?

Answer 20

Unorganised but united about ending personal rule

Question 21

How did Charles gain support for funds during the short parliament?

Answer 21

Made ship money illegal, but didn’t give any subsidies

Question 22

Who did Charles arrest after the short parliament?

Answer 22

Pym
Finnes
Hampdon
Warwick (not Wentworth Lord Deputy in Ireland)
Brooke

Question 23

Why did Charles need to call the long parliament in 1640?

Answer 23

Start of the civil war
Scottish invade in august 1640
Occupy Newcastle
Treaty of Ripon makes Charles pay Scottish living costs while on English soil

Question 24

What did financial ministers have to during the personal rule?

Answer 24

Raise revenue & cut expenditure:

Peace with France, 1629, treaty of Susa
Peace with Spain, 1630, treaty of Madrid
Not liked by puritans as saw war with catholics as a crusade

Weston reforms court finance
Alienated some PN members