Chapter 22 Flashcards
What was the extent of Whig & Tory support for the Glorious Revolution?
Whigs:
Supported
Accepted William & Mary’s right to rule
Broader religous toleration
Tories:
Circumspect in support for revolution & William & Mary’s right to rule
Narrower religious toleration, Anglican
Closer to absolutism
Who were the junto lords?
Moderate Whigs
Coordinated/lead Whigs
Provided administrative support for William & Mary against France
Active & communicative
How were the Tories structured?
More loosely than Whigs
1690s onwards held briefing meetings for backbenchers
How did the Whig-Tory division spread to London culture?
Establishment of clubs & campaigning for the factions
What are the reasons for the development of party divisions after 1688-89 (Glorious Revolution)?
Regular parliamentary sessions facilitated coordination of similar MPs
More frequent general elections encouraged organisation of party lines
Increased eligibility to vote meant voters with broader backgrounds
What was the oath of association?
1696
Triggered by Jacobite plot
Tories argued de facto monarchs
Acknowledgement of William & Mary as ‘rightful & lawful’ monarchs
Many Tories refused oath
What further reinforced the oath of association?
1702 Abjuration Act
Denouncing claim of James II’s son to the throne
What was the key division between Whigs & Tories?
Toleration of religion (not the revolution)
Whigs: broader Church of England & encompass more dissenters
Tories: Anglicans, maintain Church of England, no concessions to dissenters
What were the Whig & Tory opinions on the 9 years war with France?
Whigs: sought ways to finance, behind the 1693 Loan Act & 1694 establishment of the bank of England
Tories: initial support turned to dismay at costs (£36 million), sought cheaper naval strategy
When did the Whigs have primary power?
When did the Tories have primary power?
1690 - 96
1696 - 1701 (more powerful)
What created the re-emergence of court & country parties &
emergence of the Junto Whigs?
Realignment of previous Tory-Whig division after rebellion & William’s promotion of Whigs
Court & country division remerged:
Tories = ‘country’
‘New’ Whigs (Junto Whigs) = ‘court’
What was the Treaty of Ryswick?
How did it cause an alignment of some Tories & Whigs?
1697
Temporary end of war between Britain & France
Continuation of high taxes made Tory position resonate with anti-administration Whigs
What was the consequence of Tories & some Whigs linking?
Replaced Junto Whig seats in 1698 election
Co-monarchs appoint Tories for cooperation
What was the result of having Tories in power?
Cut in land tax
1679 army reduction
Dutch guards sent away in 1699
1701 impeachment of leading Junto Whigs
1701 Act of Settlement
Who were the class of ‘monied’ men?
Financial settlement from revolution made investors wealthy quickly
Gained political clout as government officials sought their opinions & advice
