Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the long parliament?
How did parliament ensure it was in session regularly?

A

1640-60
Only parliament could dissolve itself
Triennial calling is parliament

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2
Q

What political group created divisions in the long parliament?

A

Emergence of the Levellers

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3
Q

Why did the commons think Wentworth was a threat?

A

Loyal to Charles
Charles main advisor
Supported renewing war with Scots: parliament wanted peace
Believed he had ability to make Charles absolutist

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4
Q

Who did the long parliament blame the Scottish crisis on?

A

Charles ‘evil councillors’ such as Wentworth

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5
Q

What caused the breakdown of the long parliament 1640-41?

A

MPs wanted grievances met but not civil war
Earl of Bedford’s scheme to reform crown finances

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6
Q

What was the Earl of Bedford’s scheme to reform crown finances?

A

Helped by Pym
Proposed:
Abolition of some finance & political aspects of personal rule
Return to Elizabeth Protestant church
Finance settlement by parliament for Charles

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7
Q

Why was Bedford’s scheme to reform chrome finances unsuccessful?

A

Charles reluctant
Besides dues May 1641
Progress not very possible after that

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8
Q

Why was Wentworth impeached?
When?

A

1640, trial started March 1641
For attempting to bring Irish army to England for Charles
Get rid of Charles’ ‘evil councillors’ so he would rule with parliament
Bedford & Pym could replace ‘evil councillors’

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9
Q

Why did parliament have to resort to the bill of attainder during Wentworth’s impeachment?

A

Wentworth defended himself well
Parliamentarian discourse over extent of punishment
Some didn’t want execution, Scots did

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10
Q

Why did Charles need to sign the bill of attainder?
Why did Charles sign?

A

Only valid if he singed
Under pressure from:
Army plot
Protestation Oath
London crowd
Fear for family safety

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11
Q

What was the vote outcome of Wentworth’s impeachment?

A

204 to 59 to execute
Only half voted
Executed 12 May 1641

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12
Q

Who emerged as Charles biggest opponent in 1640?
What were their main aims?

A

Pym
Removal of ‘evil councillors’
Political settlement safe form Charles
Removal of popery and old Protestant

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13
Q

When did Pym become a radicle?
What was he obsessed with?

A

During king parliament 1640-60
Not radicle in 20s
True religion

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14
Q

How did Pym achieve his aims?

A

Impeach Wentworth & Laud (impeached 1640-1, executed 1645)
Alliance with Scottish Covenanters
Control Charles through finance
Her parliament some crown prerogative powers

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15
Q

How were the 2 divisions in parliament that lead to civil war formed?

A

How to prevent personal rule
Bill of Attainder some saw as constitutionally dangerous
Bishops role in church

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16
Q

What & when was the Root & Branch petition?
Who signed it?

A

1640, debated in parliament 1641
Demanded end of bishops & episcopacy
Pym main force to reduce Charles influence
15,00 Londoners
Puritanism

17
Q

Why did Root & Branch petition cause increased support for Charles?

A

Some saw as dismantling order of society
Hyde

18
Q

What was the outcome of the Root & Branch petition?

A

Failed
Exclusion bill rejected 1641
Agreed on decrease of bishop power

19
Q

What did the triennial act do?

A

1641
Abolish ship money without Charles’ consent
Charles to call parliament every 3 years & to last at least 50 days

20
Q

What was the 10 propositions?
What did it show?

A

June 1641
Charles was to make concessions:
Parliament input into Privy Council members
Parliament control of those around Queen
Parliament control of royal children’s religious education

Continued radicalisation of parliament

21
Q

What Scots were supporters of Charles?

A

Many in covenanting alliance who thought gone too far too fast

22
Q

When did Charles return to Scotland?
What were thoughts in England?

A

1641
Charles couldn’t be trusted
Charles played on divisions

23
Q

What was the incident?

A

October 1641
Royalist plot to kidnap radical Scottish Covenanters
Wanted rid of leading Covenanters: Campbell, Argyll, Marques

24
Q

What was the consequence of Charles being linked to the Incident 1641?

A

Ended hopes of Scottish support
Force to appoint opposition to key parliament posts

25
What shows growth in opposition to parliament 1641-42?
Grand remonstrance November 1641 Malitia bill 1641
26
What was the Grand Remonstrance?
Nov 1641 List of grievances of Charles Showed he couldn’t be trusted with control of army Strong anti-Catholic Called for an Assembly of Devines for religious settlement: sidelined parliament divisions
27
What was the Militia Bill?
1641 Removed Charles’ power over militia Forced MPs to decide on who should run the army Revolutionary as questioned Charles’ royal prerogative
28
What events led to the civil war in 1642?
5 members coup, January 1642 Emergence of a parliamentary army Exclusion Bill, February 1642 19 propositions, June 1642
29
Who were the 5 members coup?
Charles announced impeachment of opponents: Pym Hampden Haselrig Holler Strode Montagu
30
Events of the 5 members coup
Parliament division over grand remonstrance & malizia bill Lords accepted commons vote of impeachment Failed as bishops were forewarned and escaped when Charles came to arrest
31
How did the 5 members coup end badly for Charles?
Reason as why Charles couldn’t be trusted Popular demonstrations against Charles Charles feelers to Hampton Court for safety, giving control of capitol to rebels
32
What was the Exclusion Bill?
February 1642 Bishop told to not sit in House Of Lords Petition from London crowd pressure group 300,000 signatures
33
What was the 19 propositions?
1642 Parliament demands for negotiated settlement: Privy councillors to be approved by parliament 5 impeached MPs to be pardoned Parliamentarian reform of church
34
What do the royalists respond to the 19 propositions with?
The Answer to the 19 Propositions King = force to prevent anarchy Popular rebellion imminent
35
When was the Irish rebellion? What was it caused by? What was its affect?
1641-42 Scottish rebellion Radicalised English situation Could Charles be trusted?
36
What were the English perceptions of the Irish rebellion?
Distorted reports of massacres: 3,000-12,000 reported deaths Fear of Catholicism Radicalised some Protestants