Chapter 14

Question 1

Who did the rev alienate?
Who was in real command of the Rump?

Answer 1

Much of PN
NMA

Question 2

When is the republic formed?
How?

Answer 2

Feb 1649
Rump vote to abolish monarchy & monarchal gov
May- formalised & abolished House Of Lords

Question 3

What attempted to solidify the authority of the commonwealth?

Answer 3

Engagement & treason act
Impossible to enforce

Question 4

Who threatened the rump after Charles’ execution?
What did this divert?

Answer 4

Ireland
Scots
Royalists
Charles II

Energy & funds from any reforming agenda

Question 5

Why was tension between rump & army held at bay?

Answer 5

As they cooperated to defect possible threats

Question 6

Who does Charles II ally with after the regicide?

Answer 6

Scottish Covenanters
Argyll (leader of Scot Covenanters) declared c king of Scots

Question 7

Why was Cromwell made commander-in-chief of the army?

Answer 7

Fairfax refused to lead Scottish invasion

Question 8

Who invaded first between Scot’s & Charles & rump?

Answer 8

Rump

Question 9

How does Cromwell’s Scottish campaign not start of well?

Answer 9

Scots withdrew behind defensible positions
Sep 1650 Cromwell troops 16,000–>11,000

Question 10

When was Dunbar?

Answer 10

3 Sep 1650

Question 11

Why was Cromwell at Dunbar?
Why was there conflict there?

Answer 11

Retreated to ship troops home to England
Pinned down by Scot army x2 size
Helpless position
Harrison leads prayer in London
Cromwell wins
3,000 scots dead, 10,000 captured

Question 12

Why did Cromwell win the Scottish campaign at Dunbar?

Answer 12

Leslie mistakes (leader of Scot Covenanters)
England surprise attacks
NMA religious motivation
England sea power = supplies
England stronger economy = better funded

Question 13

Who was in charge of the Scottish and c army?

Answer 13

Charles put in charge by Scots by time of Dunbar

Question 14

Why did Charles not retreat to Scotland when?

Answer 14

Blocked as NMA forces behind him

Question 15

What were other significant wins in there Scottish campaign?

Answer 15

Cromwell control in Perth
Lambert win in Inverkeithing

Question 16

When was the Irish campaign?

Answer 16

1649-50

Question 17

Why did Cromwell want the Irish campaign over quickly?
What did his heist cause?

Answer 17

To return to Scotland & c II threat
Series of bloody sieges of Irish Catholic strongholds (Drogheda & Wexford) to break ability to resist

Question 18

How did Cromwell impose Protestant control in Ireland?
What did this also achieve?

Answer 18

Aug 1649 brought 10,000 p troops to Ireland

Punish Irish catholics for their 1642 rebellion?
Exploited financially

Question 19

When did Cromwell leave Ireland for England?
Who did he leave in charge of remaining army?
How long did the p army stay in Ireland for?

Answer 19

May 1650
Ireton (son-in-law)
Army remained in Ireland till 1660

Question 20

How large was Charles II’s forces?
What was his aim with these forces?

Answer 20

Scot royalist force of 20,000
Secure English throne => London

Question 21

What was the problem with the Scottish & Charles II alliance?

Answer 21

C thought Scot Presbyterians seeking to control him

Question 22

What were the obstacles Charles Scottish force faced?

Answer 22

Desertions meant 13,000 crossed border
Little English support
Leslie (leader) uncommitted
No foreign aid

Question 23

What happened at Worcester?
By the time battle began, what had changed?

Answer 23

When Charles crossed border was faced with 4,000 troops, lambert & Harrison
Who were outnumbered but coordinated

As Charles had refused battle, by the time of fighting, he was outnumbered
Long & bitter struggle until c fled?

Question 24

Where did Charles II flee to?

Answer 24

Continent on a coal train
Would later love in France