Chapter 14 Flashcards
Who did the rev alienate?
Who was in real command of the Rump?
Much of PN
NMA
When is the republic formed?
How?
Feb 1649
Rump vote to abolish monarchy & monarchal gov
May- formalised & abolished House Of Lords
What attempted to solidify the authority of the commonwealth?
Engagement & treason act
Impossible to enforce
Who threatened the rump after Charles’ execution?
What did this divert?
Ireland
Scots
Royalists
Charles II
Energy & funds from any reforming agenda
Why was tension between rump & army held at bay?
As they cooperated to defect possible threats
Who does Charles II ally with after the regicide?
Scottish Covenanters
Argyll (leader of Scot Covenanters) declared c king of Scots
Why was Cromwell made commander-in-chief of the army?
Fairfax refused to lead Scottish invasion
Who invaded first between Scot’s & Charles & rump?
Rump
How does Cromwell’s Scottish campaign not start of well?
Scots withdrew behind defensible positions
Sep 1650 Cromwell troops 16,000–>11,000
When was Dunbar?
3 Sep 1650
Why was Cromwell at Dunbar?
Why was there conflict there?
Retreated to ship troops home to England
Pinned down by Scot army x2 size
Helpless position
Harrison leads prayer in London
Cromwell wins
3,000 scots dead, 10,000 captured
Why did Cromwell win the Scottish campaign at Dunbar?
Leslie mistakes (leader of Scot Covenanters)
England surprise attacks
NMA religious motivation
England sea power = supplies
England stronger economy = better funded
Who was in charge of the Scottish and c army?
Charles put in charge by Scots by time of Dunbar
Why did Charles not retreat to Scotland when?
Blocked as NMA forces behind him
What were other significant wins in there Scottish campaign?
Cromwell control in Perth
Lambert win in Inverkeithing
When was the Irish campaign?
1649-50
Why did Cromwell want the Irish campaign over quickly?
What did his heist cause?
To return to Scotland & c II threat
Series of bloody sieges of Irish Catholic strongholds (Drogheda & Wexford) to break ability to resist
How did Cromwell impose Protestant control in Ireland?
What did this also achieve?
Aug 1649 brought 10,000 p troops to Ireland
Punish Irish catholics for their 1642 rebellion?
Exploited financially
When did Cromwell leave Ireland for England?
Who did he leave in charge of remaining army?
How long did the p army stay in Ireland for?
May 1650
Ireton (son-in-law)
Army remained in Ireland till 1660
How large was Charles II’s forces?
What was his aim with these forces?
Scot royalist force of 20,000
Secure English throne => London
What was the problem with the Scottish & Charles II alliance?
C thought Scot Presbyterians seeking to control him
What were the obstacles Charles Scottish force faced?
Desertions meant 13,000 crossed border
Little English support
Leslie (leader) uncommitted
No foreign aid
What happened at Worcester?
By the time battle began, what had changed?
When Charles crossed border was faced with 4,000 troops, lambert & Harrison
Who were outnumbered but coordinated
As Charles had refused battle, by the time of fighting, he was outnumbered
Long & bitter struggle until c fled?
Where did Charles II flee to?
Continent on a coal train
Would later love in France
