Chapter 12 Flashcards
Why was the ere a development of religious radicalism in the 1640s?
Breakdown of royal authority
Vast movement around country, esp p armies
When did the levellers emerge?
Who were they?
From 1645
London-based pressure group
Sought political, economic & social reform
How did the levellers spread ideas & influence?
What did this show?
Petitions
Processions
Pamphlets
Newspaper
Politics beyond PN control
How did the levellers gain influence over the post 2 civil war settlement?
Exploited lower army officials worries
Why did the NMA see the levellers as a threat?
What shows this?
Leveller manifesto ’Agreement of the People’ a radical settlement
Putney debates & Whitehall debates discuss the leveller settlement
What were the Putney debates?
Oct - Nov 1647
Army & levellers discuss England’s future governance
Ireton (NMA) & Wildnan (leveller) arguments
What undermined Cromwell & Ireton’s arguments in the Putney debates?
Charles escape
& reinforced control over army
What was the First Agreement of the People?
Oct 1647
P should be more representative & answerable to the people
All citizens to sign
Sovereignty to reside in people not lining or p
Why does the first agreement of the people, 1647, show the effect/extent of rev?
Wouldn’t have been heard in the 30s
What were the Whitehall debates?
1648-49
Levellers & General Council of the Army meet to discuss agreement of the people in context of Charles’ execution
Why did the Whitehall debates fail?
Failure to agree as levellers & NMA divided
Both produced own agreement of the people
How were the levellers repressed?
March 1649 leading levellers arrested (Lilburne)
Still against Rump p
1649 levellers 3rd agreement of the people to inspire army mutiny
Crushed by Cromwell & Fairfax at Burford
Influence over
What were the diggers a response to?
Equality risen from political, social & economic effects of the civil wars
What was the diggers alternate name?
Who was their leader?
True levellers
Winstanley
Why was the digger influence limited?
Small nos.
Crushed after 1 year
Dominantesi by 1 man, Winstanley
