Chapter 17 Flashcards
What was Charles II character?
False image as ‘merry monarch’
Opportunistic
Inconsistent
Reckless
What was Charles II like as a king?
Short term solutions
Failed to initiate needed reform
Eventually proved a successful monarch
When was the Declaration of Breda?
What was it?
4th April 1660
Charles II appealed to those who sought stability
Outlined terms of restoration
What were the terms of Charles’ Declaration of Breda?
C would rule as traditional monarch
Promised to pay army
Pardon to almost all subjects
Why did PN have to accept the Declaration of Breda?
Despiration
When was the start of the Convention p?
How were people elected?
What political standing were many of the members?
25 April 1660
Free elections
Conservative & thereby Royalist
Who made up the Convention p?
Conservatives & therefor Royalists
1/2 parliamentarians
Many diff religious & political groups
Some tried to limit monarch power
What did royalists in the Convention opp about the king?
Restrictions
When did Convention declare Charles II king?
8 May 1660
What was the Convention p purpose?
Temp p to re-establish monarchy - restore order & const monarchy
Deal w/ immediate issues
When was the Indemnity Act?
What was it?
Who was exempt form this?
29 Aug 1660
Pardon for parliamentarians as stated in Declaration of Breda
Excluded 30 men from pardon for Charles I death
Why were church & crown lands reclaimed in the land settlement?
Lands sold off during rev
C handed problem to P who failed to make formal solution
Why did the army peacefully disband during the Convention p?
Paid as promised in Breda
Only for wartime (had been around for 15 years)
Reduced NMA influence
Formed 1645
Disbanded 1660
What type of king did the new const make Charles?
King w/o any limitations imposed
How was Charles financed?
Dependent on P grants
=> had to recall every year 1660-81
T&P for life
1.2 in times of peace, only 400,000 raised as through taxes
What happened to the Church of England & religious toleration after the restoration?
C said people had right to worship freely
recognised but didn’t materialise
C of E restored, not broadened
What did P not pass any of in 1660?
What was a consequence of this?
Militia bills
20 Nov 1660, C dissolved bc lack of militia legislation & religious settlement problems
When was the Cavalier P?
When were elections held?
Why was it created?
1661-79
May 1661
Royalist backlash
What was the focus of MPs in the Cavalier p?
Local concerns as thought gov concerns for the monarch
What happened to acts of p that hadn’t received royal ascent during the Cavalier p?
Cancelled the acts
Some 1641 legislation limiting crown power would stand tho: abolition of star chamber & ship money maintained
What was changed in the 1664 remodelling of the Triennial Act?
Recalling of p every 3 years expected not required
What did the Cavalier P do to the monarchs position?
Strengthened it
What was the extent of censorship in the restoration?
Control of printing
Prevention of pamphlets
Anti-C propaganda, especially outside London
What did the 1661 & 2 Militia Acts do?
C has control of militia
What was it made treason to accuse the king of after the restoration?
Popery (Catholic)
Who was the Earl of Clarendon?
Edward Hyde
C principal advisor 1660-67
Advisor to C when C in exile
Dominated C gov
Why was the earl of Clarendon successful?
Worked when C uninterested
What was the Earl of Clarendon’s personality?
Pragmatic
Business like
Who did the Earl of Clarendon have a bad relationship with?
Charles II didn’t like him
Unpopular with gov p
Opp in Privy Council grew
When was the Earl of Clarendon forced to resign?
How was this achieved?
Where was he exiled to?
Aug 1667
Used as scapegoat for failures in 2nd Dutch war (1665-67)
France
