Chapter 17, key induviduals Flashcards
Personality of Richard C
No military background or ruling pedigree
Didn’t live up to expectations after father
What are the key events of R Cromwell’s Protectorate?
3rd protectorate p
Resigned May 1659
Doesn’t do much
What was R Cromwell’s resignation due to?
What did this cause?
Who tried to fill it?
Failures/lack of leadership
Power vacuum
Radicals
Who was John Lambert?
NMA leader
Radical Republican
Quaker sympathiser
Who did Lambert have influence over?
Cromwell
What rising was Lambert involved in putting down?
Booth’s rising
What did Lambert do during his failed coup?
What was the Petition of the Address of the Officers?
Circled Westminster
Lambert attempt to seize power
How did Lambert contribute to the restoration?
More extreme R Cromwell
Fear of unstable radicalism causes conservative shift
Who was Haselrig?
One of 5 Members
Anti-Charles but not radical
Key opp of Lambert
How did Hselrig supp 7 opp Lambert?
Supp Lambert during Booth’s rising
Opp Lambert petition
How did Haselrig contribute to the restoration through opp to Lambert?
Blocked Lambert seizure of power
Sides w/ Monk (contributes to L failure)
Who was Monk?
Military
Originally fights for Charles
Conservative - fights for Cromwell but not radical
What did Monk to to the Rump?
What did he do to Lambert’s coup?
Defects & restores
Blocks it
How did Monk contribute to the Restoration?
Paves way for Rump & Long p return
Prevents Lambert coup
How successful was Charles II as king?
Why?
Eventually proved successful
Opportunistic & restless vs weaker monarch
What was Charles II proposals for restoration outlined in?
Declaration of Breda
What were the 2 ps during Charles II’s reign?
Convention p - restore order & const monarchy
Cavalier p - added to C consolidating rule
How did Charles II contribute to the restoration?
Appealed the Declaration of Breda
What did Charles II incorporate into the new const?
Some rev & some pre rev
What was the Earl of Clarendon - Hyde’s position in p?
Dominated C gov
C principal advisor 1660-67
What was an issue with Clarendon’s personality & work ethic?
Caused rifts between him C, P & Privy Council
What was a consequence of Clarendon’s prominence?
Allowed divisions in p to form
What happened to Clarendon in 1667?
Forced to resign
Exiled himself in France
As C didn’t like him
How did Clarendon contribute to the restoration?
great counterpart for a more relaxed king in terms of governance
Who was Clifford?
What was his political & religious standing?
When was he a privy councillor?
Part of Cabal
Barron
Royalist
Crypto-Catholic
1666
What treaty was Clifford involved in?
How was he involved in the Declaration of Indulgence?
What did he oppose in 1673?
Secret treaty of Dover - assist French against Dutch
Pushed C to publish
Test Act
How did Clifford contribute to the restoration?
Pro-French & anti-Dutch
Declaration of Indulgence broadened religious freedom
Who was Anthony Ashley Cooper - Earl of Shaftesbury?
Cabal
Royalist
Radical in 1644
How was Shaftesbury a part of inviting C to Eng?
Delegation of Hague, 1660
What did Shaftesbury support?
Test Act
Declaration of Indulgence
Which Cabal member had a leading role in the Exclusion crisis?
Shaftesbury
Who was the second Duke of Buckingham?
Cabal
Closest to C II
Fought in 2CW at Worcester w/ Royalists
What did Buckingham 2 support?
Declaration of Indulgence
When was Buckingham dismissed?
Why?
1674
Didn’t supp Exclusion Bill
Who was the Earl of Arlington?
Cabal
Catholic
Fought in CW
When did Arlington serve as C II advisor?
Who was he opp to?
During C exile
Clarendon
What war did Arlington supp?
What alliance did he construct?
Dutch war in 1660s
Triple alliance w/ Dutch republic & Sweden
When did Arlington loose influence?
Test Act forced ally, Clifford to resign
Rise of Danby
Who was the duke of Lauderdale?
Who did he support?
What was his religion?
Cabal
Charles I & II
Scottish Presbyterian
Why did Lauderdale support the Scottish invasion of Eng?
When was he captured?
To restore C I authority
Worcester, imprisoned until 1660
When was Lauderdale secretary of State?
When did he resign?
Scotland during restoration
1680
When did Danby emerge?
1673
What was Danby’s religious standing?
What FP did he supp?
How did he seek to impose Cath & absolutism?
Rigid church, no toleration
Anti-French, pro-Dutch
Political management reinforced parts of royal design
When was there an attempt to impeach Danby?
Why?
1675
Lessening of broadening church
