Chapter 10 Flashcards
What were the uprisings in Scotland that caused the start of the civil war?
Bishops wars
Scottish uprising 1637
What triggered the Bishops wars?
What was the religious strife?
New prayer book imposition
Demanded end of popery as Scottish Covenanters were Presbyterians
When did the Scottish Covenanters defeat Charles in the bishops wars?
October 1640
Truce of ripon
What did civil war in Scotland trigger?
Civil war in Ireland:
Irish rebellion 1641
When was the Irish catholic confederation formed?
Who did it consist of?
May 1642
Gaelic Irish
Old English
What happened at Ulster (Ireland) in April 1642?
10,000 Scottish troops bolstered Ulster Protestants
Why were Ulster Protestants defeated by Scottish troops at Ulster, 1642?
Uncoordinated troops
Outnumbered
Less organisation
Opponents more religiously motivated
Opponents better supplied
Who controlled parts of Ireland by 1653?
Scottish Covenanters extended Protestant control over north
Catholic confederation had rest of Ireland bar Dunbar
How did Ireland & reports of Irish massacres trigger unrest and opposition in England?
Manipulated figures reported in England: 3,000-80,000 dead
Why was parliament in session throughout the civil wars?
What did this give parliament?
Long parliament 1640-60
Charles can’t parogue:
New rules
Not in London, in Hampden Palace
Parliament have political control of London:
Crowd
Political clubs
Costal port for supplies
When did the civil war start?
1642 when Charles raises his standard in Nottingham
Why was the militia in parliamentary control by the start of the civil wars?
Bill of Attainder
10 propositions (parliament grievances)
Who does Charles ally with in the first civil war?
What made up the royalist forces?
Irish confederates
Royal army
Council of war
Earl of Newcastle
Prince Rupert
Who did parliament ally with in the first civil war?
What made up the parliament forces?
Scottish Covenanters (Presbyterians)
Through solemn league & covenant, 1643
London trained bands
Committee of both kingdoms (set up NMA)
Fairfax & his northern forces
How did Charles slightly gain from the solemn league & covenant?
Alienated son Scottish nobles who went in to support Charles
Earl of Montrose led royalist forces to some victories 1644-45 but little gain
What ended Charles’ military hopes in Scotland?
Earl of Montrose army dispersed
Ended by 6,000 Covenanter troops
What happens at Turnham Green?
November 1642
Royalists don’t take back London
Which side has a number of victories in 1643?
Royalists
What happens at Marston Moore?
Despite the outcome, what happens months later?
July 1644
Largest civil war battle
Parliament win
Parliament suffer defeats
Why is the NMA formed?
Who was it formed under
After parliament defeats months after Marston moor win
Cromwell & Fairfax
What happens at Naseby?
June 1645
Charles dismissive of NMA
Charles military capabilities defeated in England as position in Scotland & Ireland fall apart
When did Charles surrender?
May 1645
To Scot’s who hand him over to England
What were the royalist strengths in the first civil war?
Led by recognised lawful ruler
More support (finds) from aristocracy & higher gentry
Focused objective: take back London
Military aid abroad: nephews prince Rupert & Maurice
What were the royalist weaknesses in the first civil war?
Administration
Charles indecisiveness
Generals
Division
Charles as military leader
Charles agreement with catholics
Reliance of foreign aid
How was administration a royalist weakness?
Ineffective council of war with limited authority
Royalist commanders basically independent
How was Charles’ indecisiveness a royalist weakness?
Strategically didn’t take advantages of experienced generals or aristocracy support
How were generals a royalist weakness?
Luitennant’s lacking experience & commitment
When Charles appointed experienced militaries instead, caused division as nephews Rupert & Maurice
How was division a royalist weakness?
Lack of Charles leadership
Henrietta = keep fighting
Advisor Hyde = peace
How was Charles as military leader a royalist weakness?
Poor
Didn’t act on best advice
Made self commander-in-chief so responsible for defeats
How was Charles’ agreement with confederates a royalist weakness?
Ineffective Irish troops
Seen as trying to impose Laudianism: parliament propaganda
How was reliance on foreign aid a royalist weakness?
Captured Charles correspondence with french & pope (Catholic)
Parliament published in the kings cabinet opened
What we’re the reasons for parliamentarian victory in the first civil war?
NMA
Control of navy
Holding London
Pym & alliances
Finance
How did the NMA help with parliament victory?
Regularly paid
Protestant soldiers
Never defeated in battle
Religious (puritan) motivation
How did the control of navy help with parliament victory?
Supply forces in strongholds
Hamper supply of royalist forces
How did the holding of London help with parliament victory?
Access to city loans
London = 1/10 of England population gave man power
Larges England port
Chief industrial centre: arms, clothes, shoes
Printing centre for propaganda
How did Pum & alliances help with parliament victory?
Kept parliament together despite factions
Got solemn league & covenant
Charles forced to stay in north by 21,000 Scot’s form SL&C (disappointing otherwise)
