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Stuart Britain And The Crisis Of Monarchy 1603-1702 > Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

What form of government emerged under William & Mary?
Why?

A

Cabinet (small, closed off group)
To deal with defeating Louis XIV on the continent

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2
Q

Why were William & Mary seen as absolutist to some?

A

Suspension of Habeas Corpus
Use of veto
Attempt to retain standing army after end of 9 Years War

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3
Q

How often did Parliament meet after 1689?
What enforced this in 1694?

A

Every year
Triennial Act - Parliament to meet annually, elections every 3 years, personal rule no longer constitutional

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4
Q

What was ‘appropriation’ that was introduced under William & Mary’s government?

A

Parliament specified a purpose for grants of money to the crown

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5
Q

When was William & Mary’s 1st Parliament?

A

1690-95

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6
Q

What was the Act of Grace?

A

1690 (1st Parliament)
Pardoned all parliamentarians for actions prior to 1688 (healing & settling)

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7
Q

What was the Commission of Public Accounts?

A

December 1690 (1st Parliament)
Reviewed state finances

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8
Q

How did Parliament become the controller of crown finances?

A

Commission of Public Accounts attacked crown in 1691 for wasting money

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9
Q

What grant was approved during the 1st Parliament?
What encouraged MP approval for the grant?

A

£4,600,000
Nottingham & Danby influence over MPs
Threat of Louis XIV & James II

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10
Q

When did the Whigs & Tories unite?
Why?
What did it’s failure show?

A

1691-93 (1st Parliament)
To limit monarchs power through Treason Trial Bill (Lords defeated) & Judge’s Bill (William vetoed)
Showed royal prerogative still existed

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11
Q

What was the Million Loan Act?

A

1693 (1st Parliament)
Loan of £1 million repaid through taxes
Created financial revolution as created national debt leading to creation of Bank of England

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12
Q

Who did William promote during 1694 (1st Parliament)?

A

Junto Whigs - ‘monied men’ - new money

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13
Q

What act was passed despite initial veto during the 1st Parliament?

A

1694
Triennial Act

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14
Q

When did Mary die?
What did this lead to?

A

1695 (1st Parliament)
More criticism of William
Parliament dissolved, ended connection to throne

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15
Q

What happened during the 1st Parliament?

A

Act of grace, 1690
Commission of Public Accounts, 1690
£4,600,000 grant
Whigs & Tories unite
Million Loan Act, 1693
Triennial Act, 1694
Death of Mary, 1695

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16
Q

When was William’s 2nd Parliament?

A

1695-98

17
Q

Why did tensions grow between Junto Whigs & ‘Country’ Tories during the 2nd Parliament?

A

Tories concerned about their influence:
Opposition to war
Influence of Dutch ‘secret advisors’
‘monied men’
Bank of England

18
Q

How did William react to a 1696 assassination attempt (2nd Parliament)?

A

Made all office holders swear an oath of loyalty to him
Many Tories didn’t & were replaced

19
Q

How did Tories become more significant during the 2nd Parliament?

A

Treaty of Ryswick that ended the 9 Years War (1697) removed Junto Whigs key influence over William: financing the war

20
Q

When was William’s 3rd Parliament?

A

1698-1700

21
Q

By the 3rd Parliament, who did most MPs support?

A

The ‘Country’ position - Tories

22
Q

What established government being paid for by the taxpayer?

A

1698 (3rd Parliament)
Taxes of £700,000 annually for Crown’s government costs
Established the civil list

23
Q

What was the civil list?

A

Tax list to fund government
Who pays taxes, who money goes to & how much

24
Q

What was the Disbanding Bill?

A

1699 (3rd Parliament)
Opposed standing army
Reduced force to 7,000
Constant army created fears of absolutism

25
Q

Why did William pirogue his 3rd Parliament?

A

Parliament tried to remove all ‘foreigners’ from his councils
(Intolerance was the driving force for Tories)

26
Q

When was William’s 4th Parliament?

A

1701

27
Q

What was the Act of Settlement?

A

1701 (4th Parliament)
Planning for succession after William
Chose Sophia of Hanover
Ensured control over non-English monarchs
Ensured succession remained protestant

28
Q

What was the Abjuration Act?

A

1701 (4th Parliament)
All MPs & government officials had to deny allegiance to James II & descendants

Stuart Britain And The Crisis Of Monarchy 1603-1702 (31 decks)

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