Chapter 24 Flashcards
What form of government emerged under William & Mary?
Why?
Cabinet (small, closed off group)
To deal with defeating Louis XIV on the continent
Why were William & Mary seen as absolutist to some?
Suspension of Habeas Corpus
Use of veto
Attempt to retain standing army after end of 9 Years War
How often did Parliament meet after 1689?
What enforced this in 1694?
Every year
Triennial Act - Parliament to meet annually, elections every 3 years, personal rule no longer constitutional
What was ‘appropriation’ that was introduced under William & Mary’s government?
Parliament specified a purpose for grants of money to the crown
When was William & Mary’s 1st Parliament?
1690-95
What was the Act of Grace?
1690 (1st Parliament)
Pardoned all parliamentarians for actions prior to 1688 (healing & settling)
What was the Commission of Public Accounts?
December 1690 (1st Parliament)
Reviewed state finances
How did Parliament become the controller of crown finances?
Commission of Public Accounts attacked crown in 1691 for wasting money
What grant was approved during the 1st Parliament?
What encouraged MP approval for the grant?
£4,600,000
Nottingham & Danby influence over MPs
Threat of Louis XIV & James II
When did the Whigs & Tories unite?
Why?
What did it’s failure show?
1691-93 (1st Parliament)
To limit monarchs power through Treason Trial Bill (Lords defeated) & Judge’s Bill (William vetoed)
Showed royal prerogative still existed
What was the Million Loan Act?
1693 (1st Parliament)
Loan of £1 million repaid through taxes
Created financial revolution as created national debt leading to creation of Bank of England
Who did William promote during 1694 (1st Parliament)?
Junto Whigs - ‘monied men’ - new money
What act was passed despite initial veto during the 1st Parliament?
1694
Triennial Act
When did Mary die?
What did this lead to?
1695 (1st Parliament)
More criticism of William
Parliament dissolved, ended connection to throne
What happened during the 1st Parliament?
Act of grace, 1690
Commission of Public Accounts, 1690
£4,600,000 grant
Whigs & Tories unite
Million Loan Act, 1693
Triennial Act, 1694
Death of Mary, 1695
When was William’s 2nd Parliament?
1695-98
Why did tensions grow between Junto Whigs & ‘Country’ Tories during the 2nd Parliament?
Tories concerned about their influence:
Opposition to war
Influence of Dutch ‘secret advisors’
‘monied men’
Bank of England
How did William react to a 1696 assassination attempt (2nd Parliament)?
Made all office holders swear an oath of loyalty to him
Many Tories didn’t & were replaced
How did Tories become more significant during the 2nd Parliament?
Treaty of Ryswick that ended the 9 Years War (1697) removed Junto Whigs key influence over William: financing the war
When was William’s 3rd Parliament?
1698-1700
By the 3rd Parliament, who did most MPs support?
The ‘Country’ position - Tories
What established government being paid for by the taxpayer?
1698 (3rd Parliament)
Taxes of £700,000 annually for Crown’s government costs
Established the civil list
What was the civil list?
Tax list to fund government
Who pays taxes, who money goes to & how much
What was the Disbanding Bill?
1699 (3rd Parliament)
Opposed standing army
Reduced force to 7,000
Constant army created fears of absolutism
Why did William pirogue his 3rd Parliament?
Parliament tried to remove all ‘foreigners’ from his councils
(Intolerance was the driving force for Tories)
When was William’s 4th Parliament?
1701
What was the Act of Settlement?
1701 (4th Parliament)
Planning for succession after William
Chose Sophia of Hanover
Ensured control over non-English monarchs
Ensured succession remained protestant
What was the Abjuration Act?
1701 (4th Parliament)
All MPs & government officials had to deny allegiance to James II & descendants
