Chapter 18 Flashcards
What were the limitations of parliament in the 17th century?
Royal prerogative
RP vs p privilege
FP
Religion
Monarch could pirogue & dissolve
How did p change it’s form during the 17th century?
1640s Bishops removed from Lords
Pride’s Purge - Rump/Long p
What was the extent of political parties before the court & country party?
When did the 2 parties emerge?
None but occasionally had little factions
1670s
What was p threatened by in the 17th century?
Monachal absolutism
Popery - cath
Who did the ‘court’ party support?
When did they emerge?
When did they rise to prominence?
Monarch’s policies
Following Clarendon’s fall in 1667
During mistrust of Danby era
Who acted as ‘court’ members?
How were they united?
Cabal
Not always agreeing or working together but all supp monarchy
How did the ‘country’ party oppose C II?
Opp aspects of C policy, such as FP (France) & religion
Which Cabal members joined the ‘Country’ party?
When?
Buckingham
Shaftesbury
1674
How was the ‘Country’ party more united/organised than the ‘Court’ party?
What is this in despite of?
Repped by Green Ribbon Club (wore green ribbons to identify selves)
‘Country’ nit being a clearly defined political group
Who were the key figures in the ‘Court’ party?
Charles II
Danby
Butler
Duke of Ormonde
Murray
What was the problem with Danby being part of the ‘Court’ party?
Promotes people w/ patronage - seen as creating cath inner circle to run country (bit like cath conspiracy)
What were the interests & aims of the ‘Court’ party?
Toleration of Cath dissenters
Strengthen ties w/ France
What was the ‘Court’ parties attitude to parliament?
Used patronage to manipulate way into positions of influence - as p now more influential as royal court
Who were the key figures of the ‘Country’ party?
Buckingham
Shaftesbury
William Coventry
William Cavendish
William Russel
What was the religious standing of the ‘Country’ party?
What did they want with the C of E?
What was their central FP aim?
Who were they hostile to?
Anti-Cath
Stricter
Defence of Protestantism
Dissenters & France
What was the ‘Country’ parties attitude to p?
Believed gow was wasteful & corrupt
Very anti-absolutist
Why were the increasing publishing of pamphlets problematic for C II?
People start to debate & share ideas
What are 2 pamphlets published during the pamphlet wars?
1675 (post cabal) - A Letter from a Person of Quality to his Friend
1677 - An Account of the Growth of Popery & Arbitrary Gov
Who wrote ‘A Letter from a Person of Quality to his Friend’?
What did it argue about absolutism?
What did it argue about Crown & P?
Probably Shaftesbury
Conspiracy to impose high ‘episcopal’ men & a standing army
Crown wanted p to nothing more than a body that supplied money
Why did Shaftesbury oppose episcopacy in his pamphlet?
Shaftesbury = ‘Country’ party - anti-Cath
Episcopacy = church hierarchy
Presbyterians anti high episcopacy
Who wrote ‘An Account of the Growth of Popery & Arbitrary Gov’?
What did he argue?
Marvell
There was a desighn to make Britain into an ‘absolute tyranny’ - directly links to C I 11 year tyranny
When was the 1st Anglo-Dutch war?
What was it about?
1652-54
Naval battle over trade
When was the 2nd Dutch war?
1665-67
Who won the Battle of Medway?
When?
Dutch, decisive
1666, 2nd Dutch war
When was the Battle of Landguard fort?
What happened?
1667
Felixstowe - Dutch land on Eng shores
What ended the 2nd Dutch war?
Treaty of Breda, 1667
What ignited the 3rd Anglo-Dutch war?
1670, C signed secret treaty of Dover w/ Louis XIV (increases rumours of Cath)
Caused Anglo-French attacks of 1672
Triggered 3rd war
When was the 3rd Dutch war?
What ended the 3rd Dutch war?
1672-74
The Second Peace of Westminster
How did France and the Dutch create peace?
Peace of Nijmegen, 1678
After the Dutch wars, what fuelled fears of absolutism?
C parogued p but kept standing army of 300,000 (army ready to go)
Why was the emergence of political ideology problematic for C II?
Debates over necessity of C II rule
What was Leviathan?
What did it argue?
1651, Hobbes, C tutor
Text argues need an absolutist ruler/controller or will descend into chaos
What was Patriarcha?
What did it argue?
1680, Filmer
Royal-patriarchal authority descended from Adam
For the divine right of kings
Who refuted Filmer’s work?
In what?
What did he argue?
Locke
Two Treatises of Gov
Against absolutism
For gov system which prevents individuals gaining too much power
What was the split?
By 1681, ‘Court’ & ‘Country’ parties = Tories & Whigs
Who were the Tories?
Who were the Whigs?
Court
Country
What was the split centred on?
Who did & didn’t supp Exclusion?
Exclusion crisis
Tories = anti-Exclusion
Whigs = Exclusion (rid of James II succession)
What did each party think about authority in Eng?
Tories = Devine Right, so no right to resist
Whigs = Civil Authority derived from people, so right to resist tyranny
Who threatened absolutism?
Why did the Whigs like p?
Parliament, Republicans, dissenters
P defender against absolutism, protector of prots & liberty
What were the political parties views on religious authority?
Tories = C of E
Whigs = towards toleration, less autocratic (absolutist ruler)
