Chapter 18

Question 1

What were the limitations of parliament in the 17th century?

Answer 1

Royal prerogative
RP vs p privilege
FP
Religion
Monarch could pirogue & dissolve

Question 2

How did p change it’s form during the 17th century?

Answer 2

1640s Bishops removed from Lords
Pride’s Purge - Rump/Long p

Question 3

What was the extent of political parties before the court & country party?
When did the 2 parties emerge?

Answer 3

None but occasionally had little factions
1670s

Question 4

What was p threatened by in the 17th century?

Answer 4

Monachal absolutism
Popery - cath

Question 5

Who did the ‘court’ party support?
When did they emerge?
When did they rise to prominence?

Answer 5

Monarch’s policies
Following Clarendon’s fall in 1667
During mistrust of Danby era

Question 6

Who acted as ‘court’ members?
How were they united?

Answer 6

Cabal
Not always agreeing or working together but all supp monarchy

Question 7

How did the ‘country’ party oppose C II?

Answer 7

Opp aspects of C policy, such as FP (France) & religion

Question 8

Which Cabal members joined the ‘Country’ party?
When?

Answer 8

Buckingham
Shaftesbury
1674

Question 9

How was the ‘Country’ party more united/organised than the ‘Court’ party?
What is this in despite of?

Answer 9

Repped by Green Ribbon Club (wore green ribbons to identify selves)
‘Country’ nit being a clearly defined political group

Question 10

Who were the key figures in the ‘Court’ party?

Answer 10

Charles II
Danby
Butler
Duke of Ormonde
Murray

Question 11

What was the problem with Danby being part of the ‘Court’ party?

Answer 11

Promotes people w/ patronage - seen as creating cath inner circle to run country (bit like cath conspiracy)

Question 12

What were the interests & aims of the ‘Court’ party?

Answer 12

Toleration of Cath dissenters
Strengthen ties w/ France

Question 13

What was the ‘Court’ parties attitude to parliament?

Answer 13

Used patronage to manipulate way into positions of influence - as p now more influential as royal court

Question 14

Who were the key figures of the ‘Country’ party?

Answer 14

Buckingham
Shaftesbury
William Coventry
William Cavendish
William Russel

Question 15

What was the religious standing of the ‘Country’ party?
What did they want with the C of E?
What was their central FP aim?
Who were they hostile to?

Answer 15

Anti-Cath
Stricter
Defence of Protestantism
Dissenters & France

Question 16

What was the ‘Country’ parties attitude to p?

Answer 16

Believed gow was wasteful & corrupt
Very anti-absolutist

Question 17

Why were the increasing publishing of pamphlets problematic for C II?

Answer 17

People start to debate & share ideas

Question 18

What are 2 pamphlets published during the pamphlet wars?

Answer 18

1675 (post cabal) - A Letter from a Person of Quality to his Friend
1677 - An Account of the Growth of Popery & Arbitrary Gov

Question 19

Who wrote ‘A Letter from a Person of Quality to his Friend’?
What did it argue about absolutism?
What did it argue about Crown & P?

Answer 19

Probably Shaftesbury
Conspiracy to impose high ‘episcopal’ men & a standing army
Crown wanted p to nothing more than a body that supplied money

Question 20

Why did Shaftesbury oppose episcopacy in his pamphlet?

Answer 20

Shaftesbury = ‘Country’ party - anti-Cath
Episcopacy = church hierarchy
Presbyterians anti high episcopacy

Question 21

Who wrote ‘An Account of the Growth of Popery & Arbitrary Gov’?
What did he argue?

Answer 21

Marvell
There was a desighn to make Britain into an ‘absolute tyranny’ - directly links to C I 11 year tyranny

Question 22

When was the 1st Anglo-Dutch war?
What was it about?

Answer 22

1652-54
Naval battle over trade

Question 23

When was the 2nd Dutch war?

Answer 23

1665-67

Question 24

Who won the Battle of Medway?
When?

Answer 24

Dutch, decisive
1666, 2nd Dutch war

Question 25

When was the Battle of Landguard fort?
What happened?

Answer 25

1667
Felixstowe - Dutch land on Eng shores

Question 26

What ended the 2nd Dutch war?

Answer 26

Treaty of Breda, 1667

Question 27

What ignited the 3rd Anglo-Dutch war?

Answer 27

1670, C signed secret treaty of Dover w/ Louis XIV (increases rumours of Cath)
Caused Anglo-French attacks of 1672
Triggered 3rd war

Question 28

When was the 3rd Dutch war?
What ended the 3rd Dutch war?

Answer 28

1672-74
The Second Peace of Westminster

Question 29

How did France and the Dutch create peace?

Answer 29

Peace of Nijmegen, 1678

Question 30

After the Dutch wars, what fuelled fears of absolutism?

Answer 30

C parogued p but kept standing army of 300,000 (army ready to go)

Question 31

Why was the emergence of political ideology problematic for C II?

Answer 31

Debates over necessity of C II rule

Question 32

What was Leviathan?
What did it argue?

Answer 32

1651, Hobbes, C tutor
Text argues need an absolutist ruler/controller or will descend into chaos

Question 33

What was Patriarcha?
What did it argue?

Answer 33

1680, Filmer
Royal-patriarchal authority descended from Adam
For the divine right of kings

Question 34

Who refuted Filmer’s work?
In what?
What did he argue?

Answer 34

Locke
Two Treatises of Gov
Against absolutism
For gov system which prevents individuals gaining too much power

Question 35

What was the split?

Answer 35

By 1681, ‘Court’ & ‘Country’ parties = Tories & Whigs

Question 36

Who were the Tories?
Who were the Whigs?

Answer 36

Court
Country

Question 37

What was the split centred on?
Who did & didn’t supp Exclusion?

Answer 37

Exclusion crisis
Tories = anti-Exclusion
Whigs = Exclusion (rid of James II succession)

Question 38

What did each party think about authority in Eng?

Answer 38

Tories = Devine Right, so no right to resist
Whigs = Civil Authority derived from people, so right to resist tyranny

Question 39

Who threatened absolutism?
Why did the Whigs like p?

Answer 39

Parliament, Republicans, dissenters
P defender against absolutism, protector of prots & liberty

Question 40

What were the political parties views on religious authority?

Answer 40

Tories = C of E
Whigs = towards toleration, less autocratic (absolutist ruler)