Regulation Of Gene Expression Flashcards
Why do different cell types in a multicellular organism vary in structure and function?
Despite having the same DNA, cell types differ because they produce different sets of RNA and proteins.
How do external signals affect gene expression in cells?
External signals can cause cells to change their gene expression, allowing adaptation to environmental changes.
At what levels can eukaryotic cells regulate gene expression?
Gene expression can be regulated at multiple steps, including transcription, RNA processing, translation, and post-translation.
What are genetic switches, and what are they composed of?
Genetic switches are mechanisms that control gene transcription and consist of regulatory DNA sequences and regulatory proteins.
How do regulatory proteins interact with DNA to influence gene expression?
Regulatory proteins bind to specific DNA sequences on the outside of the DNA helix, allowing control over gene transcription.
How do genetic switches operate in bacteria?
Genetic switches in bacteria turn genes on or off in response to signals, often related to food sources.
Define an operon and its function in bacterial gene regulation.
An operon is a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter, allowing coordinated gene expression.
Describe the regulation of the tryptophan (Trp) operon.
The Trp operon is regulated by a repressor protein that binds to the operator when tryptophan is present, preventing transcription.
What is negative regulation in gene expression?
Negative regulation occurs when a repressor protein binds to DNA, blocking transcription.
