Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Flashcards
What is mitochondria chloroplasts short overview?
Powerhouse of eukaryotic cells that produced energy
Similar structures and origins
Where is chloroplasts found and what specialised sites does it have?
It is found in nearly all eukaryotic cells (Number depends on cell type/energy requirement)
Has specialised sites for oxidative phosphorylation
Where is a lot of mitochondria found in sperm?
Abundant in flagellum as it requires energy for movement
3 facts about mitochondrial DNA and RNA
Mitochondria has its own circular DNA (maternally inherited and many mitochondrial diseases can affect this)
They can make some of their own proteins as they have synthesis machinery
Name the parts of mitochondrial structure
Two membranes
-outer membrane
-inner membrane
Cristae
Intermembrane space/matrix
What are the distinct roles of each compartment of the mitochondria summarised?
Matrix - bare enzymes which are required for oxidation of pyruvate for citric acid cycle
Inner membrane-folded into cristae contains proteins for oxidation of electron transport chain and ATP synthase
Outer membrane- contains large channel forming proteins called porin
Intermembrane space - several enzymes that use ATP passing out of matrix for phosphorylation of nucleotides
How is electron transport chain linked ti citric acid cycle?
Oxygen enters to be used in electron transport chain that uses the NADH from citric acid cycle
Citric acid cycle and ET chain give out CO2 and ATP
What does outer membrane consist of?
Many transmembrane channel proteins called porins, very porous
What about a quick summary for inner membrane?
Folded into cristae and not porous
Site of electron transport chain and ATP synthase embedded in membrane (matrix side)
Facts about the mitochondrial matrix
1.Concentrated mix of hundreds of enzymes
2.Aerobic respiration supplies cell with ATP and oxidation of FAs
3.site of citric acid cycle
4.Circular DNA molecules and components for protein synthesis
Overview of Chloroplast
1.Double membrane encased organelles
2.Found In plants algae and some protists
3.site of photosynthesis
-fixes CO2 to make sugars
-Releases O2
4.Site of FA synthesis in plants
Describe the structure of a chloroplast
Double membrane encased organelle with thylakoid membranes folded which are made up of stacked grana
Thylakoid membranes are the site of photosynthesis
Explain the chloroplast compartments
Thylakoids harness light to produce ATP and NADPH to power the production of sugars from O2 (Calvin cycle)
Stomal Matrix house enzymes that trap CO2 in form of sugar
CO2—>sugar
H2O—>O2
Quick chloroplast summary
Two membranes
Contain chlorophyll
Makes ATP and sugars via photosynthesis and liberation of O2/fixation of CO2
Shape varies and has own DNA and proteins
