Microbiology: Vaccination And Infection Control

Question 1

What do vaccines do?

Answer 1

Induce active immunity and provide immunological memory

Antibody mediated immunity where antibodies coat virus and it cannot take over a host cell

and cell mediated immunity where Cytotoxic T binds to infected cell and bombs it

Question 2

Describe vaccine response

Answer 2

Primary response is Immunoglobin antibody which is quick but week

Then affinity maturation B cells improve antibody strength and switches to these long term and stronger antibodies

Some B cells become memory cells ready for next attack producing IgG

Question 3

Vaccines and natural illness provide active immunity however where is passive immunity gained?

Answer 3

Maternal breastfeeding and also antibodies from immune individuals

Question 4

What are adjuvants?

Answer 4

Part of vaccine (can be proteins or inorganic compounds) that stimulate the immune system response to enhance immunogenicity

Stimulate cytokine response and create stronger loner immune response

Question 5

What is diphtheria vaccine made from?

Answer 5

Made from cell free purified toxin extracted from that bacteria and is treated with formaldehyde to make toxin—>toxoid

Then adsorbed onto adjuvant

Question 6

How is pertussis vaccine made?

Answer 6

Made from COMPONENTS of pertussis organism and treated with formaldehyde then adsorbed onto adjuvants to strengthen it

Question 7

What is tetanus vaccine made from?

Answer 7

Made from cell free purified toxin extracted from clostridium tetani and then adsorbed to adjuvant

Question 8

What is polio vaccine made from?

Answer 8

Made from three strains of polio virus strains
Mahoney
MEF1
Saukett

These are grown in vero cell culture and treated with formaldehyde then adsorbed to adjuvants

Question 9

What is Haemophilus influenzas type b vaccine made with

Answer 9

Made from capsular polysaccharide that has been extracted from cultures of Hib bacteria as polysaccharide is linked to a protein that increases immunogenicity especially in kids

Question 10

How is hepatitis B vaccine made?

Answer 10

Contains hep B surface antigen prepared in yeast cells using recombinant DNA tech adsorbed onto adjuvant

Passive immunity can be gained with hep B too

Question 11

Meningitis C and ACWY Vaccine?

Answer 11

Polysaccharides are from these cultures and linked to a carrier protein

Question 12

Meningitidis B three vaccine

Answer 12

Three N.meningitidis proteins produced by recombinant DNA tech

Question 13

Rotavirus vaccine

Answer 13

Virus taken from baby and then cultured and doesn’t require an adjuvant as it is alive

Question 14

MMR vaccine?

Answer 14

freeze dried preparations containing live strains of measles mumps and rubella virus

Question 15

Seasonal Flu vaccines

Answer 15

Contain inactivated virus

Question 16

Human papilloma vaccine?

Answer 16

Made from major protein of viral coat or capsid of HPV and adjuvated

Question 17

Varicella zoster virus vaccine?

Answer 17

Lyophilised preparations containing live virus