Intro To Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
What are anatomical positions?
Description of any region or part of the body in a specific stance so front would be
Anterior
And back would be
Posterior
On the back would be supine
And on the front would be prone
Anatomical directions
Anterior and posterior
Superior and inferior (up and down the length of the body so head is superior feet is inferior
Proximal and distal (hands are distal upper arm is proximal)
What is physiology?
Study of life processes and responses to environmental conditions
Such as homeostasis
Death is extreme loss od homeostasis
The four fundamental cell types?
Neurons affarent (Arriving at CNS) Efferent (Exits CNS)
Muscle cells (skeletal,smooth,cardiac)
Epithelial cells
Connective tissues
Smooth muscle facts
Found in walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, airways bladder
Controlled by autonomous nervous system and hormones
Responsible for involuntary movements
Skeletal muscle facts
Attached to bones via tendons responsible for voluntary movements via somatic nervous system
Cylindrical and long with many nuclei
Cardiac muscle facts
Only found in heart look like muscle cells but branched involuntary control via autonomous nervous system
Pump blood through body and unique ability to generate and conduct electrical impulses to coordinate contractions
Epithelial cell facts
Vary in shape
Cells joined to form a barrier that allows restricted passage for material
Found where body fluids seperate from external environment lining:
Lungs,stomach, intestines,reproductive tract
Some transport specific material like h ions into lumen of stomach
Epithelial cell facts
Vary in shape
Cells joined to form a barrier that allows restricted passage for material
Found where body fluids seperate from external environment lining:
Lungs,stomach, intestines,reproductive tract
Some transport specific material like h ions into lumen of stomach
Connective tissue facts
Most times they are scattered cells embedded in extra cellular matrix
Usually encompasses fluids like blood lymph and connects various parts of the body for communication
Endocrine facts
Communication between cells of the body via hormones
Consists of: hypothalamus, pituitary gland,adrenal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland thymus and pancreas
Urinary system facts
Filter blood,regulate acidity, blood volume, ion concentrations and waste elimination
