quiz 9 (new book chp.10) Flashcards
working memory
-short term
-operates to temporarily store and use recently presented information
-serves as a temporary workspace to integrate recently presented
information with information retrieved from long-term memory to
carry out problem-solving, decision-making, and action preparation activities
-Memory system associated with sensory, perceptual, attentional, and short-term memory processes.
—-involved in all systems requiring temporary use & storage of info
-allows people to respond to the “right now”
long term memory
a component system in the structure of memory that serves as a relatively permanent storage repository for information
declarative knowledge
knowledge about “what to do” in a situation
-this knowledge typically is verbalizable.
procedural knowledge
knowledge that enables a person to know “how to do” a skill
-this knowledge typically is difficult to verbalize or is not verbalizable.
encoding
a memory process involving the transformation of information to
be remembered into a form that can be stored in memory.
retrieval
process involving the search through LTM for information needed to perform a task
recall test
an explicit memory test that requires a person to produce a required response with few, if any, available cues or aids
recognition test
an explicit memory test that requires a person to select a correct response from several different responses
memory
our capacity to remember
-allows us to benefit from past experiences
two functional systems of memory
-working memory (STM)
-longterm memory
what are the memory functions?
- storage of info
- retrieval of info
- system specific functions
what are the subsystems of working memory?
-phonological loop- stm storage of iverbal info
-visuospatial sketchpad-visually identifying info in spatial relation to other items
-central executive-coordinates info from ltm memory w current info to make a decision
what are the sub-systems of LTM?
-procedural memory
-semantic memory
-episodic memory
what is involved in all situations requiring temporary use & storage of info?
working memory
what is the function of working memory?
enables people to respond according to the demands of a “right now” situation
-critical role in decision making, problem solving, movement planning and execution
-interacts w LTM
-interactive workspace
what is the duration of WM?
-maintains information for 20-30 sec, before losing parts of info
what is the capacity of WM?
-can store about 7 items (+/- 2)
-person can increase capacity by chunking
why is information processed with working memory
to allow a person to achieve action goal or goal of problem at hand
-remember how to perform an action as instructed
-solve a specific problem
what does LTM serve as?
a more permanent storage of info
what is the function of LTM?
allows people to have info about specific past events as well as general knowledge
what is the duration of LTM
it is iunknown since we cannot satisfactory measure duration of info in LTM
what is the capacity of LTM
relatively unlimited
what are the three types of memory systems on LTM?
-procedural
-semantic
-episodic
procedural
stores info about how to do specific activities
semantic
stores general knowledge about world based upon experience
-concepts
episodic
stores our knowledge about personally experienced events
-allows us to “travel back in time”
types of knowledge in episodic and semantic memory systems in LTM
-declarative knowledge
-procedural knowledge
storage
process of placing info to LTM
rehearsal
process that enables a person to transfer info from working to LTM
what are the explicit memory tests?
-recall test
-recognition test
implicit memory tests
assess info in memory that is difficult to verbalize or may not be verbalizable
what are the causes of forgetting?
-trace decay (WM, LTM)
-proactive interference (WM,LTM)
-retroactive interference (WM,LTM)
implications for teaching motor skills on movement characterisitcs related to memory performance
-it is important to emphasize limb movement end-points or key spatial positions during movement as those are the most remembered ones
when does movement become meaningful?
if they can relate the movement to something they know
what are the movement characteristics related to memory performance?
-location & distance characteristics
-meaningfulness of the movement
what are some stratergies that enhance memory performance?
-increasing a movement’s meaningfulness
—visual metaphoric imagery
—verbal label
-intention to remember
-subjective organization (chunking, clustering, grouping)
what is the encoding specificty principle?
-refers to the relationship between memory encoding and retrieval process
-states that the more the test context resembles the practice context, the better the retention performance
