quiz 9 (new book chp.10)

Question 1

working memory

Answer 1

-short term
-operates to temporarily store and use recently presented information
-serves as a temporary workspace to integrate recently presented
information with information retrieved from long-term memory to
carry out problem-solving, decision-making, and action preparation activities

-Memory system associated with sensory, perceptual, attentional, and short-term memory processes.
—-involved in all systems requiring temporary use & storage of info

-allows people to respond to the “right now”

Question 2

long term memory

Answer 2

a component system in the structure of memory that serves as a relatively permanent storage repository for information

Question 3

declarative knowledge

Answer 3

knowledge about “what to do” in a situation
-this knowledge typically is verbalizable.

Question 4

procedural knowledge

Answer 4

knowledge that enables a person to know “how to do” a skill
-this knowledge typically is difficult to verbalize or is not verbalizable.

Question 5

encoding

Answer 5

a memory process involving the transformation of information to
be remembered into a form that can be stored in memory.

Question 6

retrieval

Answer 6

process involving the search through LTM for information needed to perform a task

Question 7

recall test

Answer 7

an explicit memory test that requires a person to produce a required response with few, if any, available cues or aids

Question 8

recognition test

Answer 8

an explicit memory test that requires a person to select a correct response from several different responses

Question 9

memory

Answer 9

our capacity to remember
-allows us to benefit from past experiences

Question 10

two functional systems of memory

Answer 10

-working memory (STM)
-longterm memory

Question 11

what are the memory functions?

Answer 11

1. storage of info
2. retrieval of info
3. system specific functions

Question 12

what are the subsystems of working memory?

Answer 12

-phonological loop- stm storage of iverbal info

-visuospatial sketchpad-visually identifying info in spatial relation to other items

-central executive-coordinates info from ltm memory w current info to make a decision

Question 13

what are the sub-systems of LTM?

Answer 13

-procedural memory
-semantic memory
-episodic memory

Question 14

what is involved in all situations requiring temporary use & storage of info?

Answer 14

working memory

Question 15

what is the function of working memory?

Answer 15

enables people to respond according to the demands of a “right now” situation
-critical role in decision making, problem solving, movement planning and execution
-interacts w LTM
-interactive workspace

Question 16

what is the duration of WM?

Answer 16

-maintains information for 20-30 sec, before losing parts of info

Question 17

what is the capacity of WM?

Answer 17

-can store about 7 items (+/- 2)
-person can increase capacity by chunking

Question 18

why is information processed with working memory

Answer 18

to allow a person to achieve action goal or goal of problem at hand

-remember how to perform an action as instructed
-solve a specific problem

Question 19

what does LTM serve as?

Answer 19

a more permanent storage of info

Question 20

what is the function of LTM?

Answer 20

allows people to have info about specific past events as well as general knowledge

Question 21

what is the duration of LTM

Answer 21

it is iunknown since we cannot satisfactory measure duration of info in LTM

Question 22

what is the capacity of LTM

Answer 22

relatively unlimited

Question 23

what are the three types of memory systems on LTM?

Answer 23

-procedural
-semantic
-episodic

Question 24

procedural

Answer 24

stores info about how to do specific activities

Question 25

semantic

Answer 25

stores general knowledge about world based upon experience -concepts

Question 26

episodic

Answer 26

stores our knowledge about personally experienced events -allows us to "travel back in time"

Question 27

types of knowledge in episodic and semantic memory systems in LTM

Answer 27

-declarative knowledge -procedural knowledge

Question 28

storage

Answer 28

process of placing info to LTM

Question 29

rehearsal

Answer 29

process that enables a person to transfer info from working to LTM

Question 30

what are the explicit memory tests?

Answer 30

-recall test -recognition test

Question 31

implicit memory tests

Answer 31

assess info in memory that is difficult to verbalize or may not be verbalizable

Question 32

what are the causes of forgetting?

Answer 32

-trace decay (WM, LTM) -proactive interference (WM,LTM) -retroactive interference (WM,LTM)

Question 33

implications for teaching motor skills on movement characterisitcs related to memory performance

Answer 33

-it is important to emphasize limb movement end-points or key spatial positions during movement as those are the most remembered ones

Question 34

when does movement become meaningful?

Answer 34

if they can relate the movement to something they know

Question 35

what are the movement characteristics related to memory performance?

Answer 35

-location & distance characteristics -meaningfulness of the movement

Question 36

what are some stratergies that enhance memory performance?

Answer 36

-increasing a movement's meaningfulness ---visual metaphoric imagery ---verbal label -intention to remember -subjective organization (chunking, clustering, grouping)

Question 37

what is the encoding specificty principle?

Answer 37

-refers to the relationship between memory encoding and retrieval process -states that the more the test context resembles the practice context, the better the retention performance