quiz 1 (new book) Flashcards
skill
(a) an activity or task that has a specific purpose or goal to achieve
-an indicator of quality of performance.
motor skill
require voluntary head, body, and/or limb
movement to achieve a goal.
action
goal-oriented activities
that consist of body and/or limb
movements
gross motor skill
a motor skill that requires the use of large musculature to achieve the goal of the skill.
fine motor skill
a motor skill that requires control of small muscles to achieve the goal of the skill; typically involves eye-hand coordination and requires a high degree of precision of hand and finger movement.
discrete motor skill
-a motor skill with clearly defined movement beginning and end
points
-usually requiring a simple movement.
-shooting free throw in basketball
serial motor skill
a motor skill involving a series of discrete skills
-like doing a gymnastics routine
continuous motor skill
a motor skill with arbitrary movement beginning and end points.
-these skills usually involve repetitive movements.
-riding a bike
closed motor skill
a motor skill performed in a STATIONARY environment where the performer determines when to begin the action.
open motor skill
a motor skill that involves a non-stable, unpredictable environment where an object or environmental context is in MOTION and determines when to begin the action.
what are movements?
Behavioral characteristics of a specific limb or a combination of limbs that are component parts of an action/motor skill
what are the three reasons for distinguishing movements from skills & actions?
-ppl learn motor skills & actions
-people adapt movement characteristics to achieve a common goal
-People evaluate actions and movements with different types of measures
one-dimension classification systems
Identifies skill characteristics that are similar to those of other skills
how many categories is a one-dimension classification system divided into?
2 categories
-each representing extreme ends of a continuum
what are three motor skill classifications that use one-dimension approaches?
- size of primary musculature required
- specificity of where action begins or ends
- stability of the environment context
what are the two categories for size of primary musculature required?
-gross motor skills
-fine motor skils
what are the categories of specificity where actions begin or end?
-discrete motor skills (defined beginning & end points, usually requiring a simple movement, a one-movement skill
-continuous motor skill (abritrary beginning & end points; these skills involve repetitive movements)
-serial motor skills ( continuous series of discrete skills)
what are the two concepts of stability of the environment context?
-closed motor skills
-open motor skills
taxonomy
a classification system
organized according to relationships among the component characteristics of what is being classified
gentiles two dimensions taxonomy… two-dimensional approaches include…
- environmental context
—regulatory conditions
—intertrial variability - action function
—body orientation
—object manipulation
regulatory conditions
characteristics of environment that control the movement characteristics of an action
-like is environment in motion or stationary
intertrial variability
regulatory conditions during performance are the same or different from one attempt to perform the skill to another
-does something change in repeating action over & over again (answer would be yes there in variability or no there is not)
body orientations
refers to the changing or maintaining of a body location
-is body stable or in transport
object manipulation
results in charge of the position of an object
-is there an object or is there no object
how many skill categories are there for gentile’s two-dimension taxonomy?
16
do some motor skills require both fine & gross motor skills?
yes
-would be somewhere in the middle of the contnuum
what are the two ways we look at classifying motor skills?
-one-dimenstional
-gentile’s two dimensions taxonomy
