quiz 12 (chp. 13 new book) Flashcards
transfer of learning
influence from previous experience on performing a new skill or a skill in a new context
negative transfer
-considered rare & temporary in motor skill learning
-occurs when an old stimulus requires a new but similar response
-negative effects do not continue through all stages of learning
-it could cause discouragement even if this happsn
what is bilateral transfer
relates to learning the same task but with the contra-lateral limb
asymmetric transfer
bilateral transfer in which there is a greater amount of transfer from one limb than from the other
symmetric transfer
bilateral transfer in which the amount of transfer is similar from one limb to the other, regardless of which was used first to learn a skill
what can the influences be for transfer of leaning
-positive transfer
-negative transfer
-neutal (0)
why is transfer of learning important?
it has practical & theoretical significant such as:
- sequencing skills to be learned
—-simple to complex
—-movements, fundamental motor skills, manipulative skills
—teach easier things first - instructional methods
—-simple to complex
—-introductory then refining
—-apply in context
—whole vs part instruction - assessing the effectiveness of practice conditions
—drills that transfer to real life game or assessment
why does positive transfer of learning occur
it occurs due to a skill being similar and has the same context components
1. observable movement part (critical element)
2. task specific coordination dynamics
—critical elements theory
as well as similar processing requirements
1. situations where the transfer tasks requires a person to engage in problem solving actibvity
2. rapid decision making
3, the application of rules
4. attention control
5. simultaneous performance of 2 or more tasks
training task must involve same types of activities when transfer to real thing
-cognitive afferal motor tasks don’t need to be the same
-critical & cognitive processing demands must be similar between training & transfer task
what could negative transfer cause?
can cause discouragement even if it happens in early practice
does negative effects of negative transfer continue through all stages of learning?
no!
when does negative transfer occur
when an old stimulus requires a new but similar response as a previous one
-change in timing structure or spatial location of a movement
what is negative transfer considered in motor skill learning?
rare & temporary in motor skill learning
why does negative transfer occur?
- memory representation developed from learning a skill is interfering with new action
–muscle memory already developed way to do this from the past - cognitive confusion
–we see what we need to do but previous things end up making us need to think through an action
what is bilateral transfer also called?
cross transfer or cross education
what are the types of bilateral transfer?
asymmetric transfer
symmetric transfer
why does bilateral transfer occur?
cognitive explanation: skills transferred due to important cognitive information acquired & made available
motor control explanation: uses the generalized motor program & the transfer of motor output characteristics through the nervous system
positive transfer effect
will have beneficial effect & increase performance
what effect does neutral transfer have
no effect or influence on perfomance
what are the areas of practical transfer learning?
- education - curriculum development & methodology
- development of practices, pre competition, pretest
- development of systematic approaches for any rehabilitation protocols
what type of task does not need to be the same for training & transfer of task & what does?
-afferal motor tasks dont need to be the same
-cognitive & critical need to be the same
bilateral transfer is ____________
asymmetric
3 main learning environments
- education
- development of pre-competition practices (sports)
- development & implementation of systematic approaches to rehab protocols
