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motor learning & development > quiz 4 > Flashcards

quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

VO2 max

A

maximum amount of O2 an individual can use per unit of time

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2
Q

aerobic power

A

determined by VO2 max
with oxygen
-get energy for the work from ATP
-swimming, cross country skiing, cycling, long distance running

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3
Q

anaerobic power

A

maximum rate at which metabolic processes occur without additional oxygen

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4
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood pumped per unit of time

  • the rate blood is pumped (heart rate) and quantity ejected with each stroke (stroke volume)
  • heart rate is major contributor
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5
Q

vital capacity

A

total volume of air that can be expired voluntarily following maximal inspiration

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6
Q

BMR

A

minimum amount of energy to sustain body’s vital functions in the waking state

basal metabolic rate refers to the amount of heat produced by the body during resting conditions

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7
Q

muscular strength

A

the maximum force or tension generated by a muscle or muscle groups in a single maximum contraction

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8
Q

muscular endurance

A

the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions

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9
Q

flexibility

A

the degree of ability to move body parts through a range of motion without undue strain

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10
Q

what is thermoregulation?

A

the body’s ability to regulate heat in the context of exercise

-evaporation & convective

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11
Q

what are the ways of dissipation?

A

convective: increasing blood flow to the skin
evaporation: increasing sweat rate for evaporative cooling which is more effective

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12
Q

what is the function of the cardiorespiratory system?

A

involuntary muscles pump blood through body

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13
Q

what is the function of the respiratory system?

A

lungs: exchange of air
bronchi: conduct air

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14
Q

what is the trend of aerobic power?

A

it increases with growth then slowly declines
- Peak at 18-25 years
- related to lean mass/heredity

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15
Q

what is the maximum oxygen uptake for aerobic power related to?

A

-lean body mass
-heredity

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16
Q

what can improve aerobic capacity?

A

training at all ages
-interval training

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17
Q

what is the trend of anaerobic power?

A

-young children have lower capacity & it increases all the way up to early adulthood
-up to 40% loss with advanced age
—loss of muscle mass
—loss of type 2 fibers

-glycolysis
-maximum effort for less than 1minute

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18
Q

what is glycolic capacity?

A

resting concentration of glycogen & the rate at which lactate is produced & utilized

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19
Q

what is heart rate commonly used to measure

A

cardiovascular response

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20
Q

what is the trend with HR?

A

-women have higher HR than men (5 beats)
-decreases as you age

21
Q

what is the trend with vital capacity?

A
  • increases with age & is related to body size
22
Q

what is pulmonary ventilation?

A

it is the movement of air in & out of the pulmonary system

23
Q

what is blood volume related to?

A

body size

24
Q

what is the blood volume at both birth & adulthood?

A

birth: 85 ml per kg
adult: 75-77 ml per kg

25
Q

what is the function of hemoglobin?

A

combine reversibility with oxygen which allows red blood cells to collect O2 from lungs & deliver it to the tissues

26
Q

when are red blood cells produced?

A

by the second fetal week

27
Q

what is the androgenic effect?

A

males have higher hemoglobin levels due to androgens
-allows them to have increased anaerobic capacity

28
Q

what is the lifespan of RBC?

A

infants: 90 days
adults: 120 days

29
Q

what is blood pressure?

A

the product of cardiac output & peripheral vascular resistance
- systolic: top number, how hard heart is working & strain on arterial walls during ventricular contraction
- diastolic: indication of the peripheral resistance or the ease with which the blood flows into the capillaries

30
Q

what is the exercise effect on systolic & diastolic?

A

systolic can be effected by exercise
diastolic number doesnt change with activity

31
Q

what is the trend with BMR?

A
  • amount of heat produced during rest decreases with age
  • Males have 5-10% higher BMR
    values at all ages
32
Q

why is BMR higher for males?

A

engine is running more all the time
-females have more fat tissue
-fat less metabolically active than lean body tissue

33
Q

what is the trend for muscular strength?

A
  • it increases with age and is related to body size
  • males have more due to their lean body type (bc androgens)
  • peaks at 25-29 years old
  • there is a regression of about 25-30%
34
Q

what are the types of muscular strength?

A
  • isometric (static) - dynamometer
  • isotonic (dynamic) - weight lifting one rep at max
  • isokinetic contraction - muscles shortens at constant velocity (machines set at certain speed & resistance levels)
35
Q

what is muscular endurance measured by?

A

sit-ups, push-ups, pull-ups, dynamometer

36
Q

what is muscular endurance?

A

ability to sustain muscular work
-primary component is muscular strength

37
Q

what is the trend of flexibility?

A
  • it increases with age until early adolescence
  • flexibility declines across adulthood, most significantly after age 50
38
Q

how can we test flexibility?

A

the sit & reach test

39
Q

what are the 5 conclusions from research about flexibility?

A
  1. specific to each joint
  2. not related to length of limbs
  3. strength development doesnt hinder range of motion
  4. activity levels are better indictor of flexibility than age
  5. females are more flexible
40
Q

when is peak physiological function?

A

30 yrs old

41
Q

how much does cardiorespiratory function decline a year between ages 30 & 70?

A

-0.75 - 1% per year
-about 30% by age 70

42
Q

who maintains a higher level of function?

A

active people
-but regression is inevitable

43
Q

what is the best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness?

A

VO2 max

44
Q

what are the three ener sources of ATP?

A
  1. phosphogens
  2. glycolysis —> lactic acid
  3. kreb’s cycle <— this is the one for aerobic
45
Q

decrease in stroke volume = a decrease in cardiac output which would increase heart rate

A
46
Q

vital capacity formula

A

title volume + reserve volume

47
Q

children vs adults thermoregulation:

A

children: tolerate exercise & heat lest efficiently than adults, sweat glands develop over time, use convection heat loss

48
Q
A

motor learning & development (5 decks)

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