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motor learning & development > quiz 8 > Flashcards

quiz 8 Flashcards

1
Q

reflexes

A

involuntary movement reactions elicited by such forms of sensory stimuli as sounds, light, touch, & body position

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2
Q

spontaneous movements

A

stereotypic repetitive motions that appear in the absence of any known stimuli

-cannot be characterized as voluntary, goal-oriented motor behaviors
-no apparent purpose

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3
Q

rudimentary behavior

A

-initial voluntary movement response
-appear in a predictable sequence
- postural control
-rudimentary location
-manual control

voluntary, goal-oriented motor behaviors

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4
Q

prehension

A

initial voluntary use of the hands as characterized by seizing or grasping

intentional

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5
Q

manipulation

A

this is the skillful use of the hands, such as stringing beads or threading a needle

-not seen until middle childhood

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6
Q

manual control

A

encompasses both descriptors by referring to the developmental characteristics of hand movement
-reaching, grasping, & releasing

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7
Q

what are reflexes controlled by?

A

movement responses of body controlled in subcortical areas

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8
Q

what reflexes persist throughout life?

A

blinking, sneezing, etc

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9
Q

what is the importance of reflexes?

A

stimulates the CNS & muscles
-play a role in infant survival
-used as a diagnostic tool for assessing neurological maturity

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10
Q

what are the types of reflexes?

A

-primitive
-postural
-locomotor
-tendon reflexes

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11
Q

primitive reflexes

A

-instincts for survival & protection

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12
Q

postural reflexes

A

-reaction to gracity

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13
Q

locomotive reflxes

A

-resemble voluntary locomotion

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14
Q

tendon reflexes

A

-used to evaluate neuromuscular response

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15
Q

what are some examples of primitive reflexes?

A

-sucking
-rooting
-moro
-grasping
-tonic neck

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16
Q

what are some postural reflexes?

A

-gravitational forces & changes in equilibrium
-righting of the body
-labyrinthine righting reflex
-pull-up reflex
-parachute reflex

17
Q

moro reflex

A

-primitive
-protective response if an infant begins to fall they extend arms & legs outward, hands open, fingers spread

18
Q

planter grasp/babinski reflex

A

-primitive
-involuntary response to stroke stimulation along sole of infant’s foot
-pressure causes baby to attempt to to grasp object (plantar grasp) or fan out reflexively & extend toes (babinski)

19
Q

locomotor reflex example

A

-resemble later voluntary locomotive movements
-crawling
-walking (stepping)
-swimming

20
Q

what are some common stereotypies

A

-alternate leg kicking
-single leg kicking
-arm waving with object
-rocking on hands & knees
-arm banging against a surface
-finger flex

21
Q

crawling & creeping & walking (locomotion)

A

-crawling: dragging body along the ground
-creeping: moving with abdomen clear of the ground
-walking: with support at 9-10 months, alone at 12-14 mo, perfect at 4-5 yr

22
Q

walking pattern (236)

A

8 points

23
Q

locomotion- dynamic systems research

A
  • self-organizing behaviors “emerge,” not pre-set
  • balance and strength are critical
    subsystems (rate controllers)
24
Q

coralling

A

to pull an object in

25
Q

palmar grasp

A

without thumb opposed, uses thumb & fingers to hold against palm

26
Q

pseudo thumb position

A

thumb opposes fingers, but not finger tips

27
Q

pincer grasp

A

advanced, thumb to forefingers

28
Q

motor asymmetries

A

-brain lateralization
-lateral (hemispheric) preference/dominance
-prenatal/infant
-before birth, reflexes & spontaneous movements
-functional asymmetries: handedness, footedness, eye preference

29
Q

functional asymmetirs

A

handedness, footedness, eye preference

30
Q

what is tendon reflex used for?

A

-assessment tool
-used to evaluate neuromuscular response

31
Q

non-goal-directed manual control

A

-involuntary grasping
-spontaneous arm & hand movements
-parallel voluntary efforts

32
Q

goal-directed manual control

A

-4-5 months
-coralling
-with experience, learn to adjust grasping

33
Q

what term describes involuntary movements?

A

reflexes

34
Q

what type of reflex is associated with the infants instinct for survival & protection?

A

primitive

35
Q

spontaneous movements vs reflexive movements

A

-spontaneous movements happen without a stimulus
-reflexive movements are elicited by sensory stimuli (light, sound, touch, body position)

36
Q

what term describes locomotion as dragging the prone body along the ground ?

A

crawling

37
Q

the act of moving the body along slowly & close to the ground on the hands & knees is called?

A

creeping

38
Q

what is marking time

A

using the same foot for each step while walking up stairs

39
Q
A

motor learning & development (8 decks)

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