quiz 6 (new book chp. 7)

Question 1

speed-accuracy trade off

Answer 1

when both speed & accuracy are essential to perform the skill

-when speed is emphasized, accuracy is reduced & vice-versa

Question 2

fitt’s law

Answer 2

-movement time for a situation requiring both speed and accuracy

Question 3

ID

Answer 3

index of difficulty based off fitts law involving speed & accuracy skills known as log2

Question 4

bimanual coordination

Answer 4

-motor control that requires the use of two arms
-Skill may require two arms to move with the same or different spatial and/or temporal characteristics
–symmetric bimanual coordination
–asymmetric bimanual coordination

Question 5

prehension

Answer 5

describes actions involving reaching for & grasping of objects

Question 6

when is movement time predictable?

Answer 6

if we know the spatial dimensions of two variables

Question 7

what are the three components of prehension

Answer 7

-transport
-grasp
-object manipulation

Question 8

relationship of prehension components

Answer 8

-concerns over the relationship between the transport & grasp components
-initial views proposed that the components were independent
-recent evidence shows the two components interact synergistically

Question 9

are reach & grasp movement components separate or interdependent?

Answer 9

they are interdependent

Question 10

what does visual information and intended manipulation of an object do

Answer 10

it presents the system to initiate the reach & grasp as well as influence feedback to create modification afterwards

Question 11

when does movement time increase?

Answer 11

as object width decreases

Question 12

what does handwriting show a great deal of?

Answer 12

individual variation with limb segment involvement

Question 13

what does motor equivalence demonstrate?

Answer 13

demonstrates a person adapting to specific demands with regards to muscle involvement

-writing samples

Question 14

what processes occur simultaneously when writing?

Answer 14

-lexical, semantic, & motor control processes

Question 15

what does handwriting demonstrate?

Answer 15

various cognitive & motor elements within a control process

Question 16

what does not adhere to fitts law?

Answer 16

targets with different ID values

Question 17

what is responsible for human gait?

Answer 17

central pattern generators in the spinal cord

Question 18

what does gait provide?

Answer 18

locomotive patterns

-rhythmic structure of gait patterns exist between arms & legs

Question 19

what does identification of gait patterns allow?

Answer 19

assessment techniques of coordination problems

Question 20

what is a goal of the motor control system?

Answer 20

head stability

Question 21

what are the three motor control processes that underline performance speed of accuracy skills

Answer 21

1. movement preparation
2. open-loop control: at movement initiation
3. closed loop control: at movement termination

Question 21

application of fits law

Answer 21

-dart throwing
-peg-board
-grasping

Question 22

regardless of objects size or distance, maximum grip satire occurs at 2/3rds of total movement time during the action

Question 23

what is the role of vision in prehension?

Answer 23

-preparation & initiation of movement
–assesses regulatory conditions

-transport hand to object

-grasp of object

Question 24

what does central vision direct?

Answer 24

hand to object- provides time-to-contact info to initiate grasp

Question 25

what does peripheral vision provide?

Answer 25

hand movement feedback

Question 26

is multi tasking efficient?

Answer 26

no!

Question 27

what two functions does vision perform in handwriting?

Answer 27

-spatial arrangement --space from one letter to the next & one word to the next -accurate patterns ---more accurate the pattern of letter, the easier it is to read

Question 28

symmetric bimanual coordination

Answer 28

both arms are required to do the same action

Question 29

asymmetric bimanual coordination

Answer 29

each arm does different action

Question 30

bimanual coordination practice environment

Answer 30

1. provide appropriate instruction 2. quality feedback 3. practice time

Question 31

what are involved in the control of locomotion?

Answer 31

central pattern generators in spinal cord

Question 32

what can we assess with gait patterns?

Answer 32

coordination or if there is coordination problems

Question 33

locomotion & vision

Answer 33

-when we walk or run, vision is important to enable us to contact objects & avoid contact with objects

Question 34

what are the three phases of catching a moving object

Answer 34

-initial positioning of arm or hand -shaping of hand & fingers -grasping the object

Question 35

critical time periods of catching a moving object...

Answer 35

-initial flight portion -just prior to hand contact

Question 36

is vision of hands necessary to catch a moving object?

Answer 36

it depends on experience --inexperienced: yes --experienced: no

Question 37

striking a moving object

Answer 37

-ball speed effect -visual contact w moving ball