quiz 6 (new book chp. 7) Flashcards
speed-accuracy trade off
when both speed & accuracy are essential to perform the skill
-when speed is emphasized, accuracy is reduced & vice-versa
fitt’s law
-movement time for a situation requiring both speed and accuracy
ID
index of difficulty based off fitts law involving speed & accuracy skills known as log2
bimanual coordination
-motor control that requires the use of two arms
-Skill may require two arms to move with the same or different spatial and/or temporal characteristics
–symmetric bimanual coordination
–asymmetric bimanual coordination
prehension
describes actions involving reaching for & grasping of objects
when is movement time predictable?
if we know the spatial dimensions of two variables
what are the three components of prehension
-transport
-grasp
-object manipulation
relationship of prehension components
-concerns over the relationship between the transport & grasp components
-initial views proposed that the components were independent
-recent evidence shows the two components interact synergistically
are reach & grasp movement components separate or interdependent?
they are interdependent
what does visual information and intended manipulation of an object do
it presents the system to initiate the reach & grasp as well as influence feedback to create modification afterwards
when does movement time increase?
as object width decreases
what does handwriting show a great deal of?
individual variation with limb segment involvement
what does motor equivalence demonstrate?
demonstrates a person adapting to specific demands with regards to muscle involvement
-writing samples
what processes occur simultaneously when writing?
-lexical, semantic, & motor control processes
what does handwriting demonstrate?
various cognitive & motor elements within a control process
what does not adhere to fitts law?
targets with different ID values
what is responsible for human gait?
central pattern generators in the spinal cord
what does gait provide?
locomotive patterns
-rhythmic structure of gait patterns exist between arms & legs
what does identification of gait patterns allow?
assessment techniques of coordination problems
what is a goal of the motor control system?
head stability
what are the three motor control processes that underline performance speed of accuracy skills
- movement preparation
- open-loop control: at movement initiation
- closed loop control: at movement termination
application of fits law
-dart throwing
-peg-board
-grasping
regardless of objects size or distance, maximum grip satire occurs at 2/3rds of total movement time during the action
what is the role of vision in prehension?
-preparation & initiation of movement
–assesses regulatory conditions
-transport hand to object
-grasp of object
what does central vision direct?
hand to object- provides time-to-contact info to initiate grasp
what does peripheral vision provide?
hand movement feedback
is multi tasking efficient?
no!
what two functions does vision perform in handwriting?
-spatial arrangement
–space from one letter to the next & one word to the next
-accurate patterns
—more accurate the pattern of letter, the easier it is to read
symmetric bimanual coordination
both arms are required to do the same action
asymmetric bimanual coordination
each arm does different action
bimanual coordination practice environment
- provide appropriate instruction
- quality feedback
- practice time
what are involved in the control of locomotion?
central pattern generators in spinal cord
what can we assess with gait patterns?
coordination or if there is coordination problems
locomotion & vision
-when we walk or run, vision is important to enable us to contact objects & avoid contact with objects
what are the three phases of catching a moving object
-initial positioning of arm or hand
-shaping of hand & fingers
-grasping the object
critical time periods of catching a moving object…
-initial flight portion
-just prior to hand contact
is vision of hands necessary to catch a moving object?
it depends on experience
–inexperienced: yes
–experienced: no
striking a moving object
-ball speed effect
-visual contact w moving ball
