quiz 2 (new book) Flashcards
performance outcome measures
a category of motor skill performance that indicates the OUTCOME or result of performing a motor skill
-outcome of a motor skill !!
-how far a person walked, how fast a person ran a certain distance, or how many degrees a person flexed a knee)
performance production measures
a category of motor skill performance that indicates the
performance of specific aspects of the motor control system during the performance of an action
-limb kinematics, force, EEG readings, EMG
-process of performing a motor skill !!!
reaction time
common measure indicating how long it takes a person to prepare & initiate a movement
-the stimulus or go signal is the indication to act
movement time
time between the initiation of response to the termination of a response
response time
movement & reaction time combined
constant error
the signed ( +/- ) deviation from the target or criterion
- it represents amount and direction of error and serves as a measure of performance bias.
variable error
an error score representing the variability (or conversely, the consistency) of performance.
kinematic
the description of motion without regard to force or mass
-it includes displacement, vws2elocity, and acceleration.
displacement
changes in the spatial positions of a limb or joint over a period of time
-change in position over time
velocity
rate of change of an object’s position with respect to time.
-It is derived by dividing displacement by time (e.g., m/sec, km/hr)
-rate of change of position over time
acceleration
change in the velocity during movement
kinetics
the study of the role of force as a cause of motion
why study the measure of motor performance?
-performance assessment/evaluation
-motor learning & control research
what are the types of RT?
- simple
- choice
- discrimination
simple RT
one signal, one response
choice RT
more than one signal, each signal has a specific response
-stop light turns green, we go. if stop light turns read, we stop
discrimination RT
more than one signal, only one response
what are the two components of fractionate RT?
-pre-motor: quiet interval of time between the onset of a stimulus & beginning of activity
-motor time: period from the increase in muscle activity until the actual limb movement
pre-motor & motor RT
signal - pre-motor rt - EMG - motor RT - movement
what enables one to fractionate RT?
EMG
what is the use of RT in research?
RT is a measuring tool
-inferring what a performer does
-identifies the environmental context information a person may use while preparing for action
-asses if a person can anticipate a required action & determines whether to initiate it
Relationship of RT to Movement
Time and Response Time
warning signal- foreperiod - go signal
what does response time consist of?
reaction time & movement time
what do error measures allow for?
evaluating performance in action-based skills
what are the three error measures to assess the general accuracy characteristics of performance over repeated performances?
(assessing error for dimension action goals)
-absolute error
-constant error
-variable error
absolute error
absolute difference between the actual performance on each trial & the goal.
-provides a general index of accuracy
constant error
index of the person’s tendency to be directionally biased when performing the skill
-hitting golf ball to left of hole multiple times = left bias
variable error
measures performance consistency by calculating the standard deviation of the CE scores
what measures general accuracy for the two-dimension situation?
radial error
what are more difficult to assess in the two-dimension than in the one-dimension?
performance bias & consistency
continuous skills require ______
accuracy
what is the common error score for continuous skills?
root-mean-squared error (RMSE)
what does kinematics include?
-displacement
-velocity
-acceleration
-linear & angular motion
linear & angular motion
motion in a straight line or motion along the axis of rotation
what is the effect of a force on rotation known as?
joint torque (rotary force)
what does EMG measure?
movement involving electrical activity in the muscles
-electrodes detect muscle activity
-recordings can indicate when a muscle begins & ends activation
what does measuring coordination measure?
-complex skills
what are the two steps of the two-step measurement process
-you must determine which aspects of performance you should measure to make a valid performance assessment
-determine how to measure those aspects of performance
EEG
measures electrical activity in the brain
PET
-looks at active blood flow in brain
fMRI
looks at blood flow changes in the brain by detecting blood oxygen characteristics
what are the three error measures
-accuracy
-consistency
-bias problems
