quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

sensitive periods

A

susceptible to insult

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2
Q

what are the factors that affect growth & development?

A

-nutrition
-physical activity
-low birth weight
-premature birth

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3
Q

what are the teratogenic effects?

A
  1. Interfere with basic biochemical processes
  2. Susceptibility varies with developmental stage
  3. Specificity
  4. Affects differently
  5. Concentration/exposure related to risk
  6. Affect on mother
  7. Temporary or delayed effects
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4
Q

what are teratogens?

A

environmental agent that can cause birth
defect or kill a fetus

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5
Q

what are the internal factors that can affect a fetus?

A
  • maternal age
  • nutrition
  • rh incompatibility
  • genetic-related abnormalities
  • fetal position
  • emotion state / stress
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6
Q

what are the external (environmental) factors that can affect a fetus?

A
  • infection and disease (STDs, AIDS)
  • drugs and chemicals (smoking, alcohol,
    cocaine, other)
  • radiation
  • breathes
  • drinks
  • eats
  • smokes
  • disease-producing bacteria
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7
Q

what is the chief contributor to infant illness & mortalilty?

A

low birth weight

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8
Q

what is considered LBW?

A

under 5.5 lbs

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9
Q

what is considered very LBW?

A

under 3.3 lbs

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10
Q

what are the primary causes of LBW?

A

poor nutrition, smoking, alcohol, drugs

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11
Q

what does LBW lead to?

A

leads to deficits physical growth & motor behavior

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12
Q

what is considered premature birth?

A

before 38 weeks

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13
Q

what does premature birth lead to?

A

immature respiratory, immune system, & temperature control

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14
Q

what does inadequate intake of nutrients during prenatal development & childhood result in?

A

affects mental and motor behavior

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15
Q

what is critical to development of muscle tissue during puberty?

A

Adequate nutrition

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16
Q

what foods are leading to an obesity epidemic in US?

A

fat, refined sugar, salt

17
Q

what is the fat cell theory?

A

increased physical activity & control of diet in early stages of development can limit fat cell proliferation & reduce body fatness in later life

18
Q

is there evidence that says that physical activity can change body proportion & overall shape?

19
Q

things physical activity enhances

A

-skeletal mineralization and density
-increases muscular force capabilities in adults & post-pubertal children
-physiological improvement despite age

-results in improved balance, coordination, speed, power, agility

20
Q

does physical activity harm the secular trend for menarche?

21
Q

what may be a factor for delayed menarche?

A

high-intensity physical training

22
Q

what does lack of physical activity result it?

A

obesity
heart disease
type 2 diabetes

23
Q

what is malnutrition

A

a lack of total calories & a lack of protein & deficiences in vitamin & minerals

24
Q

malnutrition symptoms

A

-stunted growth
-delayed menarche

25
what is the definition of physical activity?
intentional, habitual, physical movement that are designed
26
does physical activity effect growth?
no apparent effect
27
what are the direct effects of physical activity on human development?
-structural aspect on physical growth & maturation -physiological function of human body
28
VO2 max is strongly related to what type of mass
lean body mass
29
what is the greatest sensitive period?
embryonic period 2-8 weeks or first trimester