quiz 7 (new book chp. 8)

Question 1

hicks law

Answer 1

RT will increase logarithmically as the number of stimulus-response choices increases

as stimulus response choices increase, RT increases

Question 1

action preperation

Answer 1

the activity that occurs between the intention to perform an action and the initiation of that action

-sometimes, the term motor programming is used to refer to this preparation activity.

Question 2

cost-benefit tradeoff

Answer 2

the cost (in terms of slower RT), and benefit (in terms of faster RT) that occur as a result of biasing the preparation of an action in favor of one of several possible actions (as opposed to preparing
as if each possible action were equally probable).

Question 3

stimulus-response compatibility

Answer 3

a characteristic of the spatial arrangement relationship between a stimulus and a response. This relationship includes the spatial arrangement of stimuli and the limb movements required to respond to them, and the physical characteristics or meaning of a stimulus and the type of response required. The degree of compatibility influences the amount of preparation time in a
reaction time task involving stimulus and response choices.

Question 4

foreperiod

Answer 4

in a reaction time paradigm, the time interval between a warning signal and the go signal, or stimulus.

Question 5

what are the task & situation characteristics influencing preperation?

Answer 5

1. number of response choices (Hicks)
2. predictability of the correct response choice
3. Influence of the probability of pre-cue correctness
   —–cost-benefit tradeoff
4. stimulus-response compatibility
   —–spatial relationship, stroop effect
5. fore-period length regularity
   —–time between warning signal & go signal to start event (time for fore-period is 1- 4 seconds)
6. movement complexity
   —–more complex the movement, the higher the RT
7. movement accuracy
   —–greater accuracy required = increased amount of preparation time
8. repetition of a movement
   —–more trials you get quicker & quicker but then stay same (especially second attempt)
9. Time between different responses to different signals
   —–RT slower for 2nd movement compared to initial movement, psychological refractory period

Question 6

what are the performer characteristics influencing preparation/ what factors influence the process of
action preparation?

Answer 6

-alertness of the performer
—–vigilance
—–longer someone has to stay alert, the lower their alertness is over time
—–ex: driving long distances, lifeguarding
-attention focused on signal vs the movement

Question 7

what occurs during preparation of an action?

Answer 7

1. Postural organization
   —–change position to complete an action
2. Limb performance characteristics
   —–direction, trajectory, accuracy
3. Object control characteristics
   —–force control (judgement based on amount of force necessary by sight)
   —–what do we intend to do with the object
4. Sequences of simple movements
   —–organizing sequence of movements
5. Spatial coding
   —–fast RT when R & L stimulus locations are compatible with R & L response locations
   —-next fastest would be up to the R or down to L
6. Movement rhythmicity
   —–rhythmic patterns that we do (rituals that people use as pre-performance activities
   —–like dribble routine before free throw

Question 8

What is the order of action

Answer 8

action intention - action initiation - action termination

Question 9

what are performer characteristics influenced by?

Answer 9

1. the time needed to prepare a voluntary movement
2. the quality of the performance

Question 10

what occurs during preparation time- what is included?

Answer 10

-perception
-cognitive components
-motor components

Question 11

how do we fractionate RT?

Answer 11

EMG recording

Question 12

what are some factors that influence RT?

Answer 12

1. response complexity
2. movement duration
3. movement velocity
4. force-related characteristics