Psychotic drugs and abuse Flashcards
CNS stimulants
methylxanthine derivatives (caffeine, theophylline), nicotine, amphetamine related drugs
amphetamine related drugs
amphetamine, phentermine, methamphetamine, phenfluramine, methylphenidate, cocaine
CNS depressants
opioids, marijuana, ethanol, barbiturates/benzodiazepines
other psychoactive drugs and hallucinogens
LSD, mescaline, PCP
caffeine blocks … receptors which increased dopamine transmission
adenosine
caffeine inhibits … resulting in increased cAMP; mobilizes intracellular Ca
phosphodiesterase
caffeine has … ionotropic and chronotropic effects at high doses (both harmful in some heart conditions)
positive
activates cholinergic-nicotinic receptors in CNS and periphery, euphoria, arousal, improved memory and concentration, appetite suppression, inhibits MAO, highly addictive
nicotine
nicotine … vessels; neg. effects on blood vessels
constricts
drugs of choice for ADHD
amphetamine; methylphenidate
used in weight reduction
phentermine; fenfluramine; diethylpropion; phendimetrazine
treatment for narcolepsy
D-amphetamine and methylphenidate
potent local anesthetic; vasoconstriction; powerful psychostimulant; dependence; activates sympathetic; increased alertness/motor activity; tachycardia/hypertension; pupillary dilation; potent dopamine agonist; euphoria; increased sex drive
cocaine
direct activation of the endogenous reward system (dopamine); micro-strokes; withdrawal from depletion of NE and DA
cocaine
most commonly abused opioids by general population
heroin; oxycodone; morphine
most commonly abused opioid by health professionals
meperidine and fentanyl
meperidine induces … pupils in tolerant individuals
dilated
opioid overdose reversal
naloxone
opioid dependence maintenance therapy
methadone
THC
marijuana
the endogenous ligand of cannabinoid receptor located in cerebellum, hippocampus and basal ganglia
anandomide
anticholinergic-hallucinogenic drug of abuse
scopolamine (night shade plant)
catecholamine like-hallucinogenic drugs of abuse
MDMA (ecstasy) and mescaline (Peyote)
serotonin like-hallucinogenic drugs of abuse
LSD and psilocybin (mushroom)
glutaminergic NMDA antagonists (hallucinogenic drugs of abuse)
PCP and ketamine
pharmacologic treatment of amphetamine intoxication
lorazepam for agitation and haloperidol for psychosis
pharmacologic treatment for BZDs
flumazenil
pharmacologic treatment for cocaine
lorazepam for agitation or seizures
pharmacologic treatment for hallucinogens
lorazepam for agitation
pharmacologic treatment for marijuana
lorazepam for agitation
pharmacologic treatment for opioids
naloxone
pharmacologic treatment for PCP
lorazepam for agitation and haloperidol for psychosis
