Coagulation

Question 1

intrinsic anticoagulants

Answer 1

protrombin III, protein C, protein S

Question 2

fibrinogen to fibrin is the … step

Answer 2

last

Question 3

… activation is a critical step and is dependent upon either activation by factor IXa and VIIa or by factor VIIa

Answer 3

factor X

Question 4

… degrades fibrin to fibrin degradation products

Answer 4

plasmin

Question 5

Factors II (prothrombin), V, VII, IX, and X are synthesized in the …

Answer 5

liver

Question 6

… required for gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid in factors II, VII, XI, and X

Answer 6

vitamin K

Question 7

… does not require gamma-carboxylation

Answer 7

factor V

Question 8

binds to antithrombin III and increases activity 1K fold

Answer 8

heparin

Question 9

antibodies can form against the complex of …

Answer 9

heparin-platelet factor 4

Question 10

smaller, active pieces of regular heparin; greater anti-Xa activity, less antiplatelet activity

Answer 10

low molecular weight heparin

Question 11

inhibit thrombin w/o antithrombin III; inhibit thrombin-mediated activation of clotting factors and platelets; action against free and clot-bound thrombin; doesnt induce immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

Answer 11

direct thrombin inhibitors

Question 12

direct thrombin inhibitor; found in salivary glands of the medicinal leech; irreversible binding at active site

Answer 12

hirudin

Question 13

DTIs with reversible binding at active site

Answer 13

bivalirudin, argatroban, melagtran

Question 14

heparin only has action against … thrombin

Answer 14

free

Question 15

indirect factor X inhibitors

Answer 15

LMW heparins

Question 16

only been approved for DVT; bind to factor X directly and inhibit proteolytic activity to convert prothrombin to thrombin

Answer 16

direct factor Xa inhibitors

Question 17

vitamin K epoxide reductase is required to reduce vit. K at 2 stages, … binds to the reductase and blocks its activity

Answer 17

warfarin

Question 18

slow onset warfarin is usually administered with another fact acting anticoagulant such as ….

Answer 18

heparin

Question 19

irreversible COX inhibitor that prevents thromboxane formation

Answer 19

aspirin

Question 20

prevents ADP binding and prevents the appearance of GPIIb/IIIa receptors on platelet surface

Answer 20

clopidigrel

Question 21

prevent binding of fibrinogen to platelets

Answer 21

GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists

Question 22

agents that increases platelet cAMP … aggregation

Answer 22

inhibit

Question 23

mimic effects of tissue plasminogen activating factor

Answer 23

thrombolytic agents

Question 24

tissue plasminogen activating factor can only activate when bound to …

Answer 24

fibrin

Question 25

route of clearance of all thrombolytic agents

Answer 25

liver

Question 26

only thrombolytic agent with indirect fibrin specificity/plasminogen activation

Answer 26

streptokinase