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Dental Pharmacology > Antiseizure Drugs > Flashcards

Antiseizure Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

the oldest organic antiseizure drug; GABA agonist; use for partial and generalized tonic-clonic; may worsen symptoms of absence, atonic attacks, and infantile spasms

A

phenobarbital

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2
Q

benzodiazepine; generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus; tolerance after repeated use

A

diazepam

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3
Q

benzodiazepine; more effective and longer lasting vs. diazepam; tolerance

A

lorazepam

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4
Q

benzodiazepine: effective against absence and myoclonic; long acting and highly potent; tolerance

A

clonazepam

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5
Q

benzodiazepine: add-on treatment of complex partial seizures in adults

A

clorazepate

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6
Q

1st non-sedative antiepileptic drug; prolongs the inactivated state of Na channels; partial and generalized tonic-clonic; highly bound to plasma protein

A

phenytoin

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7
Q

more soluble prodrug that is converted to phenytoin in the blood

A

fosphenytoin

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8
Q

elimination of low doses of phenytoin: … order kinetic

A

1st

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9
Q

elimination of higher doses of phenytoin: … order kinetic

A

zero

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10
Q

what drug displaces phenytoin from plasma proteins

A

valproic acid

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11
Q

side effects of which drug?: diplopia and ataxia; gingival hypertrophy; hirsutism; peripheral neuropathy; osteomalacia; teratogenicity (fetal hydantoin syndrome)

A

phenytoin

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12
Q

related to TCA; prolong the inactivated state of Na channels; partial and generalized tonic-clonic; not for absence and myoclonic seizures

A

carbamazepine

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13
Q

2 potentially fatal side effects of carbamazepine

A

aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis

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14
Q

analog of carbamazepine; less potent with improved toxicity profile

A

oxcarbazepine

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15
Q

enhances slow inactivation of Na channels; binds to collapsin-response mediator protein–> prevent excitatory axonal sprouting; partial with/without secondary generalization

A

lacosamide

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16
Q

enhances slow inactivation of Na channels; add-on treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

A

rufinamide

17
Q

inhibition of GABA uptake (GAT-1); significant binding to plasma proteins; add-on treatment of partial seizures

A

tiagabine

18
Q

an irreversible inhibitor of GABA aminotransferase; used for partial, infantile spasms, reserved for patients refractory to other drugs; side effect: permanent bilateral vision loss

A

vigabatrin

19
Q

analog of GABA; add-on treatment of partial with or w/o secondarily generalized

A

pregabalin

20
Q

analog of GABA; add-on treatment of partial and generalized tonic-clonic

A

gabapentin

21
Q

prolong inactivated state of Na channels; inhibit voltage gated Ca channels; inhibit release of glutamate; add-on or monotherapy; used for partial, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; side effect: Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A

lamotrigine

22
Q

Lamotrigine is metabolized by …

A

UGT

23
Q

valproic acid … UGT

A

inhibits

24
Q

structurally different from all other antiseizure drugs; prolong inactivated state of Na channels; inhibit voltage gated Ca channels; agonist of GABA receptor; antagonist of kainate receptors; used for partial and generalized tonic-clonic and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; its teratogenic

A

topiramate

25
Q

“pure petit mal” drug; absence seizure; blocks T-current: inhibits 3-Hz activity; valproic acid decrease clearance; side effect of leukopenia

A

ethosuximide

26
Q

blocks T-current; prolongs the inactivated state of Na channels; increase GABA levels; used for absence, myoclonic, partial and generalized tonic-clonic (broad spectrum)

A

valproic acid

27
Q

primarily metabolized by UGT with significant binding to plasma proteins; inhibits metabolism of CYP3A, CYP2C9 and UGT

A

valproic acid

28
Q

valproic acid displaces … and … from plasma proteins

A

phenytoin and lamotrigine

29
Q

side effects of which drug?: severe hepatitis and pancreatitis; teratogenicity (spina bifida); inhibition of platelet aggregation w/ gingival bleeding

A

valproic acid

30
Q

binds to synaptic vesicular protein SV2A and regulates release of glutamate and GABA; add-on therapy for partial, primary generalized tonic-clonic. myoclonic due to juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

A

levetiracetam

31
Q

activation of voltage gated K channels; add on treatment for partial seizures in adults; causes psychosis in some pts

A

retigabine

32
Q

non competitive antagonist of AMPA receptors; add on for partial

A

perampanel

33
Q

Na channel blocker; analog of oxcarbazepine; add on for partial

A

eslicarbazepine

Dental Pharmacology (30 decks)

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