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Dental Pharmacology > Autonomics > Flashcards

Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: There is very little sympathetic innervation to the bronchial smooth muscle

A

True

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2
Q

True or False: There is very little sympathetic innervation to the bronchial glands.

A

False

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3
Q

Neurotransmitter of Somatic

A

Ach

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4
Q

Neurotransmitter of PreG Sympathetic

A

Ach

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5
Q

Neurotransmitter of PostG Sympathetic except Sweat Glands

A

NE

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6
Q

Neurotransmitter of PostG Sympathetic to Sweat Glands

A

Ach

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7
Q

Neurotransmitter of Sympathetic to Adrenal Gland

A

Ach

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8
Q

Adrenal Gland releases…

A

EPI / Ne

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9
Q

Neurotransmitter of PreG and PostG of Parasympathetic

A

Ach

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10
Q

Neurotransmitter of all PreG

A

Ach

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11
Q

Neurotransmitter in the peripheral efferent nerves

A

Ach, NE, NO

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12
Q

Adrenergic drugs use…

A

NE or Epi

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13
Q

Which NT is important for coordinating?

A

Dopamine

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14
Q

Too much of which NT can result in schizophrenia?

A

Dopamine

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15
Q

Inhibitory NT in the brain?

A

GABA

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16
Q

Stimulatory NT in the brain?

A

Glutamate

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17
Q

Too much of which NT can result in epileptic seizures?

A

Glutamate

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18
Q

What lipid transmitter substance is required for implantation of the embryo on uterus?

A

Anandamide

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19
Q

What gas transmitter substance is produced in the inner lining of endothelial cells?

A

NO

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20
Q

In the NO mechanism of action what acts on GTP to from cGMP?

A

Guanylate cyclase

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21
Q

In the NO mechanism of action of substance reduces Calcium causing muscle relaxation?

A

cGMP

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22
Q

In the NO mechanism of action what controls levels of cGMP and is a target for ED drugs like Viagra?

A

PDE5

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23
Q

Which CNS NT? Phys: perception, cognition, motor movements, prolactin secretion, elation, euphoria

A

Dopamine

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24
Q

Which CNS NT? PathPhys: Scizophreniz, Parkinsons, Tic disorders, addiction

A

Dopamine

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25
Q

Which CNS NT? Phys: memory, motor movements

A

Ach

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26
Q

Which CNS NT? PathPhys: Alzheimers, Parkinsons

A

Ach

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27
Q

Which CNS NT? Phys: arousal, consciousness, motor control, muscle tone

A

GABA

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28
Q

Which CNS NT? PathoPhys: anxiety, mania, seizures, spastic disorders

A

GABA

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29
Q

Transmitter substances in afferent nerves?

A

Substance P, calcitonin gene related peptides

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30
Q

NT of PostG fibers for sex organs and some PostG in the intestine and lower esophageal sphincter

A

NO

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31
Q

Where NE is stored and released in SNS?

A

varicosities

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32
Q

NE and Epi are synthesized from…

A

tyrosine

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33
Q

Tyrosine is converted to Dopa by…

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

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34
Q

Dopa converted to dopamine by…

A

aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase

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35
Q

dopamine to NE by…

A

dopamine-B-hydroxylase

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36
Q

True or False: 80% of NE is retaken back into the varicosity?

A

True

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37
Q

NE is converted to Epi by…

A

PNMT (phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase)

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38
Q

What drug inhibits conversion of tyrosine to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase and is treatment for Pheochromocytoma?

A

a-methyl-p-tyrosine, Metyrosine (Demser)

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39
Q

What drug inhibits conversion of DOPA to dopamine in the periphery because it cant cross the BBB and is used in adjunct to treat Parkinsons with L-DOPA?

A

Carbidopa

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40
Q

What drug reduces activity of B-hydroxylase (converts dopamine to NE) and is used to treat alchoholism?

A

Disulifiram

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41
Q

What drug inhibits uptake of dopamine and NE into synaptic vesicles and is used to treat hypertension and psychosis to reduce agitation in horses?

A

Reserpine

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42
Q

Reserpine inhibits…

A

VMAT

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43
Q

What drug is used to treat pregnancy induced hypertension?

A

a-methyldopa (Aldomet)

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44
Q

What drug inhibits NE release and is used for intensive care or coronary care of life threatening ventricular arrhythmias?

A

Bretylium tosylate

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45
Q

What drugs inhibit amine transporters resulting in NE buildup in synaptic cleft? (also inhibits uptake of Dopamine and serotonin)

A

Cocaine, tricyclic antidepressants

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46
Q

What drugs pump NE out of the nerves?

A

Amphetamine and tyramine

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47
Q

What is an example of tricyclic anitdepressants that is used for treatment of depression and migraine headache?

A

Desipramine

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48
Q

A therapeutic use of Cocaine?

A

diagnosis of Horners syndrome

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49
Q

Metabolites of NE and Epi?

A

VMA, MOPEG, MHPG, metanephrine, normetanephrine

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50
Q

Metabolites of dopamine?

A

HMA, DOPAC

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51
Q

What drug inhibits MAO-A and -B and is used for treatment of depression, panic disorders, and social phobia?

A

Phenelzine

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52
Q

What drug is a MAO-B (specific) inhibitor and is used with or w/o L-DOPA in treatment of Parkinsons, depression and dementia?

A

Selegiline

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53
Q

What drug is a COMT inhibitor and is used as adjunct w/ L-DOPA for parkinsons?

A

Entacapone

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54
Q

Two drugs used as adjunct with L-DOPA?

A

Carpidopa and Entacapone

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55
Q

Epi is agonist of…

A

A1, A2, B1, B2

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56
Q

NE is agonist of…

A

A1, A2, B1

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57
Q

Phenylephrine is agonist of…

A

A1

58
Q

Which receptor agonists?: vasoconstriction (blood vessels), contraction of radial muscle (eye), decrease tone and motility (GIT), contraction of sphincter muscle (GIT and bladder)

A

A1

59
Q

Which receptor do blood vessels not have?

A

B1

60
Q

A1 agonists?

A

NE, Epi, phenylephrine

61
Q

Clonidine is agonist of…

A

A2

62
Q

A2 agonists?

A

NE, Epi, Clonidine

63
Q

Which receptor agonists?: vasoconstriction (blood vessels), platelet aggregation (platelets), decrease tone and motility (GIT), hypotension (by its action of the RVLM)

A

A2

64
Q

Which A2 agonist vasocontricts in the periphery but in the brain causes hypotenstion = net effect lowers BP?

A

Clonidine

65
Q

B1 agonists?

A

Epi, NE, Isoproterenol, Dobutamine

66
Q

Isoproterenol is agonist of…

A

B1, B2

67
Q

Dobutamine is agonist of…

A

B1, higher doses: B2, A1

68
Q

Which receptor agonists?: cardiac stimulation (heart), fatty acid mobilization (adipose tissue), decrease tone and motility (GIT), increase renin release (kidney)

A

B1

69
Q

B2 agonists (short duration)?

A

Epi, Isoproterenol, Albuterol

70
Q

B2 agonist (long duration)?

A

Salmeterol, Formoterol, Indacaterol

71
Q

Which receptor agonists?: dilation of arteries and veins, relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relaxation of GIT smooth muscle, increase insulin secretion, relaxation (pregnant) (uterus)

A

B2

72
Q

Conducting system in the heart primary receptor is…

A

B1

73
Q

Which receptor relaxes bronchial smooth muscle?

A

B2

74
Q

Which receptor?: vascular relaxation (renal and mesenteric blood vessels), natriusesis and diruesis (kidney), stimulation of PTH release (parathyroids)

A

D1 (dopaminergic receptor)

75
Q

Indirect acting amines?

A

amphetamine and tyramine

76
Q

Mixed action (direct and indirect)?

A

ephedrine and metaraminol

77
Q

Direct acting?

A

NE and Epi

78
Q

mydriasis?

A

dilation of eye

79
Q

miosis?

A

constriction of eye

80
Q

Which receptor agonists cause pupil dilation?

A

A1

81
Q

Treatment of bronchial asthma or COPD?

A

Albuterol, Salmeterol, Formoterol, Indacaterol (B2)

82
Q

Treatment of anaphylatic shock,

A

Epi and anithistamines

83
Q

Treat of nasal congestion?

A

Phenylephrine (A1)

84
Q

Used with local anesthetics in dentistry to prolong duration of action by vasoconstriction?

A

Epi

85
Q

Drug used to treat short term cardiac decompensation after cardiac surgery or in congestive heart failure?

A

dobutamine (B1)

86
Q

Drug (not cocaine) used to diagnose Horners syndrome?

A

hydroxyamphetamine

87
Q

Drugs used to treat narcolepsy?

A

amphetamine and ephedrine, Modafinil

88
Q

Two nonselective A-adrenergic receptor antagonists of A1 and A2?

A

Phenoxybenzamine and Phentolamine

89
Q

Drugs that end in -sin (or -cin) are…?

A

A1 adrenergic receptor antagonists

90
Q

What receptor causes lipolysis?

A

B1

91
Q

What class of drugs? therapeutic uses: hypertention, pheochromocytoma, peripheral vascular disease, shock, pulmonary congestion, erectile dysfunction, reversal of anesthesia (dentsitry), benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

A adrenergic receptor antagonists

92
Q

Drugs that end in -lol are…?

A

B adrenergic receptor antagonists

93
Q

B adrenergic receptor antagonists of B1 and B2?

A

Timolol and Propanolol

94
Q

B adrenergic receptor antagonists of B1?

A

Atenolol, Metoprolol, Nebivolol (NO release)

95
Q

Adrenergic receptor antagonists of B1, B2, A1?

A

Labetalol

96
Q

What class of drugs? therapeutic uses: cardiac arrhythmias, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathies, myocardial infarctions, angina pectoris

A

B adrenergic receptor antagonists

97
Q

What class of drugs? therapeutic uses: acute dissecting aortic aneurysm (Marfan’s syndrome), Fallot’s tetrology, Congestive heart failure

A

B adrenergic receptor antagonists

98
Q

What class of drugs? therapeutic uses: reflex tachycardia, stress or fear induced tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, glaucoma, migraine

A

B adrenergic receptor antagonists

99
Q

Contraindications to using B Blockers?

A

Patients with AV block, diabetics on insulin, bronchial asthma

100
Q

What inhibits vesicle membrane fusion during Ach synthesis?

A

Botulinum toxin

101
Q

Blocker of muscarinic receptors?

A

Atropine

102
Q

Blocker of nicotinic (N1) receptors at PreG receptors?

A

Hexamethonium

103
Q

Blocker of nicotinic (N2) receptors at neuromuscular junction?

A

Curare

104
Q

What are the choline esters?

A

Ach, Methacholine, Carbachol, Bethanechol

105
Q

What drug is an alkaloid?

A

Pilocarpine

106
Q

What drug is an oxathiolane derivative?

A

Cevimeline

107
Q

Parasympathetic response of iris sphincter muscle?

A

contraction, miosis

108
Q

Parasympathetic response of ciliary muscle?

A

contraction, accommodation of near vision

109
Q

parasympathetic response of lacrimal and salivary glands?

A

secretion

110
Q

parasympathetic response of heart SA node?

A

decrease activity–> bradycardia

111
Q

parasympathetic response of atrial muscle

A

decrease contractility

112
Q

parasympathetic response of AV node?

A

decrease conduction velocity

113
Q

parasympathetic response of bronchial smooth muscle?

A

contraction

114
Q

parasympathetic response of bronchial glands?

A

increase secretions

115
Q

parasympathetic response of GIT?

A

increase tone/motility and increase secretions

116
Q

parasympathetic response of urinary bladder- detrusor muscle?

A

increase tone- contraction

117
Q

parasympathetic response of trigone and sphincter muscles?

A

decrease tone- relaxation

118
Q

parasympathetic response of blood vessels?

A

no effect

119
Q

Muscarinic agent used to test for miosis after cataract surgery?

A

Ach

120
Q

Muscarinic agent used in diagnosis of asthma?

A

methacholine

121
Q

Muscarinic agent used to treat glaucoma and produce miosis?

A

carbachol

122
Q

Muscarinic agent used for tx of post operative urinary retention

A

bethanechol

123
Q

muscarinic agent used topically for glaucoma and xerostomia?

A

pilocarpine

124
Q

muscarinic agent used for tx of xerostomia associated with Sjogrens?

A

cevimeline

125
Q

Never administer synthetic choline esters with…?

A

I.V.

126
Q

Atropa belladonna is…?

A

atropine

127
Q

Antimuscarinic that dilates the pupil?

A

tropicamide

128
Q

antimuscarinic used to prevent urinary bladder action?

A

solifenacin

129
Q

animuscarnics used for treatment of parkinsons?

A

benzotropin and trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride

130
Q

antimuscarinic that prevents motion sickness?

A

scopolamine

131
Q

two ganglionic blocking drugs?

A

hexametholnium (quarternary ammonium compound) and mecamylamine (secondary amine)

132
Q

drug used for treatment of Tourettes?

A

mecamylamine

133
Q

Major competitive agents of Ach in skeletal muscle?

A

d-Tubocururine, Cis-atracurium, pancuronium

134
Q

depolarizing agents in skeletal muscle (initially stimulates but then desensitizes receptors?

A

succinylcholine

135
Q

inhalational anesthetics synergistic with the competitive neuromuscular blockers?

A

ether, halothane, isoflurane

136
Q

Anticholinesterase drug used for tx of glaucoma and Alzheimers

A

physostigmine

137
Q

Anticholinesterase drug used in diagnosis of Myastenia gravis?

A

edrophonium

138
Q

Anticholinesterase drug used in diagnosis and tx of myasthenia gravis, postoperative atony of guy and bladder, and curare overdose

A

neostigmine

139
Q

Irreversible inhibitor (anticholinesterase) used clinically?

A

DFP

140
Q

Irreversible inhibitors (anticholinesterase) that are insecticides?

A

malathion, fenthion, diazinon

141
Q

Three nerve gases?

A

tabun, sarin, soman

142
Q

What is a cholinesterase reactivator?

A

pralidoxime

Dental Pharmacology (30 decks)

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