Local Anesthetics

Question 1

amide type drugs?

Answer 1

lidocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, ropivacaine

Question 2

ester type drugs?

Answer 2

procaine, chloroprocaine, tetracaine, cocaine

Question 3

amide and ester bonds?

Answer 3

articaine

Question 4

topical use only?

Answer 4

benzocaine, dyclonine, dibucaine, pramoxine

Question 5

compounded projects?

Answer 5

EMLA, LET, phenylephrine-oxymetazoline

Question 6

a reversal agent?

Answer 6

phentolamine

Question 7

antidote to cardiotoxicity?

Answer 7

intralipid

Question 8

ideal qualities of local?

Answer 8

hydrophilic and lipophilic

Question 9

order of sensitivity of nerve fibers?

Answer 9

1. B 2. C (SNS and Dorsal Root) and A delta 3. A gamma 4. A beta 5. A alpha

Question 10

True or False: drug acts proximal to distal

Answer 10

true

Question 11

true or false: recovery gradient runs distal to proximal

Answer 11

false

Question 12

amide drugs have … metabolism?

Answer 12

hepatic

Question 13

ester drugs have … metabolism?

Answer 13

non-hepatic

Question 14

symptoms of minor toxicity?

Answer 14

ringing in ears, metallic taste, numbness of lips and tongue (if drug not applied in mouth)

Question 15

Epi interaction possible w/…

Answer 15

B blockers; tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine), halothane, hypertension/heart block, cerebral vascular insufficiency

Question 16

which metabolite of procaine might cause allergic reaction?

Answer 16

PABA

Question 17

which preservatives might cause allergic rxn?

Answer 17

sulphites

Question 18

lipid solubility?

Answer 18

potency

Question 19

dissociation constant?

Answer 19

time of onset

Question 20

chemical linkage?

Answer 20

metabolism

Question 21

protein binding?

Answer 21

duration

Question 22

prilocaine and to a lesser extent benzocaine cause…

Answer 22

methemoglobinemia

Question 23

antidote for methemoglobinemia?

Answer 23

IV methylene blue

Question 24

more potent and cardiotoxic than lidocaine/mepivacaine; prolonged activity; useful for postop analgesia?

Answer 24

bupivacaine

Question 25

reduced cardiotoxicity; greater safety margin?

Answer 25

ropivacaine

Question 26

better penetration into bone; higher incidence of parethesias?

Answer 26

articaine

Question 27

topical for mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, urethra?

Answer 27

benzocaine and dyclonine

Question 28

topical for skin, not mucosal membranes?

Answer 28

dibucaine and pramoxine

Question 29

which given for suturing?

Answer 29

LET