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Dental Pharmacology > Hypertensive drugs > Flashcards

Hypertensive drugs Flashcards

1
Q

centrally acting agent; converted to a false transmitter in CNS neurons that will activate presynaptic a2 receptors and decrease NT release; decreased SNS; reduced CO, HR, renin release and TPR

A

alpha-methyl DOPA

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2
Q

centrally acting agent: alpha2 agonist; decreased SNS activity, no reflex; reduced CO, HR, renin release and TPR

A

clonidine

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3
Q

adrenergic neuron blocker: depletes CNS and peripheral NE and 5-HT as well as adrenal catecholamines by interfering with storage vesicles; least desirable of all antihypertensives (but cheap and effective)

A

reserpine

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4
Q

adrenergic neuron blocker: inhibits the synthesis of catecholamines by tyrosine hydroxylase; good for management of pheochromocytoma

A

metyrosine

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5
Q

adrenergic neuron blocker: non-selective alpha-AR antagonist; used to diagnose pheochromocytoma or reverse severe vasoconstriction

A

phentolamine mesylate

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6
Q

alpha1 AR selective antagonists

A

prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin

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7
Q

block peripheral postjunctional AR receptors that cause contraction of vascular SM; decrease TPR; reflex increase in HR; 1st dose effect: postural hypotension; retention of Na and H2O

A

prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin

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8
Q

beta blockers that cross the BBB

A

propranolol, timolol, metoprolol, pindolol, alprenolol, oxprenolol, labetalol, carvedilol

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9
Q

non selective B blockers

A

nadolol, propranolol, timolol

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10
Q

cardioselective (block B1 more than B2) B blockers

A

acebutolol, atenolol, metoprolol, esmolol

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11
Q

ISA (partial agonists) B blockers

A

pindolol, alprenolol, oxprenolol

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12
Q

alpha and beta blockers

A

lametalol and carvedilol

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13
Q

simple beta blockers (cardioselective)

A

-olol (A-M)

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14
Q

simple beta blockers

(nonselective)

A

-olol (N-Z)

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15
Q

3rd gen B blocker; highest affinity of all B blockers for B1 (low B2 affinity); vasodilation via stimulation of endothelial NO

A

nebivolol

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16
Q

adverse effects of which group?: bronchospasm, bradycardia, renal vasoconstriction, depression, bad dreams, fatigue, impotence, elevated triglycerides, lowered HDL, worsening of peripheral vascular diseases such as Reynauds

A

b blockers

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17
Q

block AngI to AngII conversion in endothelial cells of the lung; many are prodrugs

A

ACE Inhibitors

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18
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

lisinopril and other -prils

19
Q

block AT1 receptors to induce vasodilation; also increase Na and water excretion

A

angiotensin receptor antagonists

20
Q

angiotensin receptor antagonists

A

losartan, valsartan and other -tans

21
Q

which group of drugs increase bradykinin levels due to inhibition of bradykinin metabolism?

A

ACE inhibitors

22
Q

fetotoxicity; angioedema

A

ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists

23
Q

next most common adverse effect of ACE inhibitors

A

dry irritating cough

24
Q

in comparison to ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists do not cause …

A

dry cough

25
Q

directly inhibits the protease activity of renin

A

renin inhibitor

26
Q

renin inhibitor

A

aliskiren

27
Q

must not combine renin inhibitor with … or … in diabetics

A

ACE-Is or ARBs

28
Q

these drugs inhibit L-type Ca channels in the heart and vasculature, reducing contraction

A

Ca channel blockers

29
Q

3 classes of Ca channel blockers

A

phenylalkylamines and benzothiazipines (nondihydropyridines); dihydropyridines

30
Q

phenylalkylamine

A

verapamil

31
Q

benzothiazipine

A

diltiazem

32
Q

dihydropyridine

A

nifedipine

33
Q

Ca channel blockers act on …

A

L-type Ca channels

34
Q

dihydropyridines are

A

selective vasodilators

35
Q

non-dihyrdopyridines are …. for cardiac tissue and vasculature

A

equipotent

36
Q

verapamil can cause … when combined with a B blocker

A

AV block

37
Q

all CCBs can cause

A

gingival hyperplasia

38
Q

direct vasodilators; decrease TPR by relaxing arterioles followed by reflex tachycardia, increased contractility and increased renin secretion

A

hydralazine, minoxidil, diazoxide

39
Q

direct vasodilator: red blood cells metabolize it into NO; induces SM relaxation (both arteries and veins); decreases TPR but also venous pooling (decrease venous return and CO); used to induce hypotension for surgery

A

sodium nitroprusside

40
Q

hypertrichosis (useful as Rogain)

A

minoxidil

41
Q

cyanide toxicity

A

sodium nitroprusside

42
Q

… reduce the antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitors and B blockers

A

NSAIDs

43
Q

use of … is dangerous in patients taking non selective B blockers and AR neuron blocking agents

A

EPI

Dental Pharmacology (30 decks)

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