Hypolipidemic Agents

Question 1

Condition when blood triacylglycerol or cholesterol in lipoproteins exceeds normal?

Answer 1

Hyperlipoproteinemia

Question 2

Elevated lipoprotein accelerates development of 3 types of atherosclerosis

Answer 2

1. Peripheral vascular disease (thrombosis) 2. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease 3. Coronary heart disease (CHD or myocardial infarction)

Question 3

All of the carbon atoms of Cholesterol are derived from…?

Answer 3

the acetate of Acetyl-CoA

Question 4

Statins inhibits which enzyme of cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 4

HMG-CoA Reductase

Question 5

Dietary lipids are packaged into what in the Exogenous Pathway?

Answer 5

Chylomicrons in the intestinal mucosal cells

Question 6

Fatty acids/cholesterol synthesized in the liver in addition to lipids taken up from blood produce…?

Answer 6

VLDL

Question 7

VLDL deliver lipids to peripheral tissues and become IDL and …?

Answer 7

LDL

Question 8

Process of HDL bringing cholesterol and cholesterol esters back to the liver?

Answer 8

Reverse Cholesterol Transport

Question 9

What category of drugs is the oldest hypolipidemic drugs?

Answer 9

the “Fibrates”

Question 10

The 1st “fibrate” on the marker?

Answer 10

clofibrate

Question 11

what “fibrate” drugs are useful for lowering VLDL?

Answer 11

gemfibrozil and fenofibrate

Question 12

In the mech of action of “fibrates”: what transcription factor is activated to increase fatty acid oxidation and lipoprotein lipase?

Answer 12

PPARa

Question 13

Currently available fibrates?

Answer 13

fenofibrate, fenofibric acid, gemfibrozil

Question 14

1st statin?

Answer 14

lovastatin

Question 15

Progressive muscle side effects of statins?

Answer 15

myalgia, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis

Question 16

Baycol problem?

Answer 16

more aggressive statin therapy = greater side effects

Question 17

Currently available statins?

Answer 17

Atorvastatin (lipitor) and rosuvastatin (preventative therapy)

Question 18

Fish oils that reduce plasma TG and decrease VLDL synthesis?

Answer 18

EPA and DHA

Question 19

FDA approved fish oil?

Answer 19

LOVAZA

Question 20

Recommended dose of Lovaza?

Answer 20

4 grams/day

Question 21

Fish oils do not lower…?

Answer 21

cholesterol

Question 22

Hypolipidemic dose of Niacin is…?

Answer 22

about 3 grams

Question 23

Which B vitamin decreases TAG and increases HDL?

Answer 23

Niacin

Question 24

Mechanism of action of Niacin is to inhibit…?

Answer 24

hormone sensitive lipase

Question 25

Niacin preparations available in US?

Answer 25

Polygel extended release niacin and prescription extended release niacin

Question 26

Mechanism of action of Bile Acid Sequestrants is to…?

Answer 26

block enterohepatic cycling

Question 27

Which class of hypolipidemic agents greatly decreases absorption of negatively charged drugs?

Answer 27

bile acid sequestrants

Question 28

Currently available bile acid sequestrants?

Answer 28

cholestyramine, cholestipol, and cholesevalam

Question 29

Newest class of lipid-lowering agents?

Answer 29

cholesterol absorption inhibitors

Question 30

Mechanism of action of cholesterol absorption inhibitors: inhibits the … w/o affecting FA uptake?

Answer 30

intestinal cholesterol transporter

Question 31

Example of cholesterol absorption inhibitor?

Answer 31

ezetimbe