Psychosocial Health behaviours

Question 1

define self care

Answer 1

The care taken by individuals towards their own health and well being and includes the care extended to their children, family, friends and other neighbourhoods and local communities

Question 2

What does self care include?

Answer 2

The actions people take for themselves, their children and families to stay fit and maintain good physical and mental health.

meet social and physcological needs prevent illness and accidents, care for minor aliments and long term conditions.

Question 3

What assumptions is the study of health beahviour based on?

Answer 3

-people can often change their behaviour patterns
-individuals are often capable of taking an active role in improving their health.
-adopting health enhancing behaviours
-avoiding health compromising behaviours

Question 4

What are the steps involved in the stages of change model/transtheoretical model?

Answer 4

-pre contemplation
-contemplation
-preperation
-action
-maintenance
-relapse

Question 5

Draw the stages of change model

Answer 5

Look at powerpoint

Question 6

What is pre contemplation?

Answer 6

Not intending to make any changes.

Question 7

what is contemplation?

Answer 7

considering a change

Question 8

When do people become motivated to make a change?

Answer 8

-they become aware of the need
-experience physical, physcological,spiritual discomfort
-have a sense of purpose’-feels powerful and in control

Question 9

What is preperation?

Answer 9

making small changes

Question 10

what does action mean?

Answer 10

actively engaing in new behaviour

Question 11

what do active changes involve?

Answer 11

-recognise patterns of behaviour
-cue reminders
-activate reinforces
-use support networks

Question 12

Define maintenance

Answer 12

sustaining the behaviour over time

Question 13

What are some critisms of the stages of change?

Answer 13

-intentions to change arent always clearly formulated
-focus on concious proccesses (pros vs cons)
-people are labelled at being at a certain stage
-do people have to go through all stages in a certain order?

Question 14

What are the implications of the stages of change?

Answer 14

-People vary in their readiness to change
-jump ahead of readiness and resistance will develop
-helping the patient to develop a specofoc change plan also increases the likelihood of change

Question 15

Why was the health belief model developed?

Answer 15

helps us understandd the performance of health behaviours providing a framework for the study of wide range health behaviours.

Question 16

What are the stages of the health belief model?

Answer 16

-percieved suspectibility
-percieved severity
-health motivation
-percieved benefits
-percieved barriers
-demographic variables
-phychological characteristics
-actions/ cues to action

Question 17

draw the health belief model-becker 1974

Answer 17

look at powerpoint

Question 18

What are the two factors that propose wether an individual practices a health behaviour?-health belief model

Answer 18

-threat perception-the degree to which the person percieves the behaviour as a personal health threat

-behavioural evaluation-the perception that the particular practice will be effective in reducing the threat.

Question 19

What two beliefs does threat perception depend on?

Answer 19

-percieved susceptibility to the illness of health problem
(will I get a heart disease because i dont excersise)

-Anticipated severity of the consequences of the illnesss or health problem.
(how serious would the heart disease be?)

Question 20

What two sets of beliefs does behavioural evaluation depend on?

Answer 20

-the benefits of carrying out the reccommended health behaviour

-other barriers of carrying out the reccommended health behaviour.

Question 21

What are some limitations of social cognitive models?

Answer 21

-unconciousness
-learned behaviour
-emotion as a motivator
-irrationality
-need for cotrol
-wider contextual processes

Question 22

what are some invisible network proccesses that shaoe behaviours?

Answer 22

-contagion
-homophily
-social class

Question 23

What is contagion in regards to an invisivle network?

Answer 23

the spread of ideas, attitudes or behaviour patterns in a group through imitation and conformity

Question 24

What is homophily?

Answer 24

networks are built and evolve through a process of selction of similar ties which are preffered and sustained over time

Question 25

How is the role of social class an invisible network?

Answer 25

links between social capital (who one knows) cultural capital (what one know and likes) and habitus

Question 26

List some habitus shaping behaviours

Answer 26

-social class
-what people around us and associate with can afford (reflects what we eat,buy, transport,clothes)
-we develop a certain taste for things (food, places)

Question 27

what are some impacts of social networks?

Answer 27

-social and emotional support
-increasing social interactions and the number of people that can be relied on
-improving the quality of interpersonal relationships and participation in key activities
-collective efficacy of networks

Question 28

How can goal settings help behaviour chnage?

Answer 28

-focus attention and direct our effort

Question 29

What is the nudge theory?

Answer 29

-improving descions about health, wealth and happiness

-choice architecture that involves all of the outsisde forces that may subtly guide ones descion in one direction or another.

(food placed at eye level rather than the shop floor)

Question 30

List some key social network engagement examples

Answer 30

-diversifys tie
-develops links and access to support online and offline
reduce contact with ties that have a negative imoact
-improved collective efficacy of networks

Question 31

What impacts does social network engagment have?

Answer 31

-knowledge and skills
-sources of support that is acceptable not just available
-reduced burden on oneself and other network membes

Question 32

supporting people to change behaviours is…

Answer 32

-a reflexive process
-sensitivity and understanding of individuals preferences,capabilities, resources
-requires understanding of peoples context
-link individual context to wider social processes,inequalities,expectations ect…

Question 33

Why are all of these theories, models and concepts valuable?

Answer 33

improve sensitivity to complexities of problem, capacity to understand peoples context, ability to interogate and understand evidence and to offer meaningful support.

Question 34

Why might someone take action against their disease?

Answer 34

I believe I am vulnerable to a particular disease​

I believe the disease would have bad consequences for me​

I believe I would benefit from taking action​

There are no reasons why I might not want to take action​

I value my health​

Events prompt me to take action​