Psychosocial Health behaviours Flashcards
define self care
The care taken by individuals towards their own health and well being and includes the care extended to their children, family, friends and other neighbourhoods and local communities
What does self care include?
The actions people take for themselves, their children and families to stay fit and maintain good physical and mental health.
meet social and physcological needs prevent illness and accidents, care for minor aliments and long term conditions.
What assumptions is the study of health beahviour based on?
-people can often change their behaviour patterns
-individuals are often capable of taking an active role in improving their health.
-adopting health enhancing behaviours
-avoiding health compromising behaviours
What are the steps involved in the stages of change model/transtheoretical model?
-pre contemplation
-contemplation
-preperation
-action
-maintenance
-relapse
Draw the stages of change model
Look at powerpoint
What is pre contemplation?
Not intending to make any changes.
what is contemplation?
considering a change
When do people become motivated to make a change?
-they become aware of the need
-experience physical, physcological,spiritual discomfort
-have a sense of purpose’-feels powerful and in control
What is preperation?
making small changes
what does action mean?
actively engaing in new behaviour
what do active changes involve?
-recognise patterns of behaviour
-cue reminders
-activate reinforces
-use support networks
Define maintenance
sustaining the behaviour over time
What are some critisms of the stages of change?
-intentions to change arent always clearly formulated
-focus on concious proccesses (pros vs cons)
-people are labelled at being at a certain stage
-do people have to go through all stages in a certain order?
What are the implications of the stages of change?
-People vary in their readiness to change
-jump ahead of readiness and resistance will develop
-helping the patient to develop a specofoc change plan also increases the likelihood of change
Why was the health belief model developed?
helps us understandd the performance of health behaviours providing a framework for the study of wide range health behaviours.
What are the stages of the health belief model?
-percieved suspectibility
-percieved severity
-health motivation
-percieved benefits
-percieved barriers
-demographic variables
-phychological characteristics
-actions/ cues to action
draw the health belief model-becker 1974
look at powerpoint
What are the two factors that propose wether an individual practices a health behaviour?-health belief model
-threat perception-the degree to which the person percieves the behaviour as a personal health threat
-behavioural evaluation-the perception that the particular practice will be effective in reducing the threat.
What two beliefs does threat perception depend on?
-percieved susceptibility to the illness of health problem
(will I get a heart disease because i dont excersise)
-Anticipated severity of the consequences of the illnesss or health problem.
(how serious would the heart disease be?)
What two sets of beliefs does behavioural evaluation depend on?
-the benefits of carrying out the reccommended health behaviour
-other barriers of carrying out the reccommended health behaviour.
What are some limitations of social cognitive models?
-unconciousness
-learned behaviour
-emotion as a motivator
-irrationality
-need for cotrol
-wider contextual processes
what are some invisible network proccesses that shaoe behaviours?
-contagion
-homophily
-social class
What is contagion in regards to an invisivle network?
the spread of ideas, attitudes or behaviour patterns in a group through imitation and conformity
What is homophily?
networks are built and evolve through a process of selction of similar ties which are preffered and sustained over time
How is the role of social class an invisible network?
links between social capital (who one knows) cultural capital (what one know and likes) and habitus
List some habitus shaping behaviours
-social class
-what people around us and associate with can afford (reflects what we eat,buy, transport,clothes)
-we develop a certain taste for things (food, places)
what are some impacts of social networks?
-social and emotional support
-increasing social interactions and the number of people that can be relied on
-improving the quality of interpersonal relationships and participation in key activities
-collective efficacy of networks
How can goal settings help behaviour chnage?
-focus attention and direct our effort
What is the nudge theory?
-improving descions about health, wealth and happiness
-choice architecture that involves all of the outsisde forces that may subtly guide ones descion in one direction or another.
(food placed at eye level rather than the shop floor)
List some key social network engagement examples
-diversifys tie
-develops links and access to support online and offline
reduce contact with ties that have a negative imoact
-improved collective efficacy of networks
What impacts does social network engagment have?
-knowledge and skills
-sources of support that is acceptable not just available
-reduced burden on oneself and other network membes
supporting people to change behaviours is…
-a reflexive process
-sensitivity and understanding of individuals preferences,capabilities, resources
-requires understanding of peoples context
-link individual context to wider social processes,inequalities,expectations ect…
Why are all of these theories, models and concepts valuable?
improve sensitivity to complexities of problem, capacity to understand peoples context, ability to interogate and understand evidence and to offer meaningful support.
Why might someone take action against their disease?
I believe I am vulnerable to a particular disease
I believe the disease would have bad consequences for me
I believe I would benefit from taking action
There are no reasons why I might not want to take action
I value my health
Events prompt me to take action
who and when was the transtherical/stages of change model written?
James Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente
1983
Who wrote the nudge theory?
Richard Thaller 2008
