Cells and Tissues

Question 1

Name the locations of Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 1

• Digestive system (stomach to rectum)
  -Gallbladder
  -Some gland ducts
  -Ciliated Variety lines small bronchi
  -Fallopian tubes

Question 2

What is the function of Simple Columnar Epithelium?

Answer 2

• Absorption/ selection
  -Propels mucus by cillary action

Question 3

Describe Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 3

-Tall cells
-Oval nuclei
-Cilia or microvilli
-May contain goblet cells

Question 4

What is the location of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

Answer 4

-Kidney tubueles
-small glands
-ovary surface

Question 5

Describe Simple Cuboidal Epithelila tissue

Answer 5

-Cube like cells
-Large spherical nucleus

Question 6

What is the location of Simple Squamous Epithelial tissue?

Answer 6

-Kidney glomeruli
-alveoli
-heart lining
-blood vessels
-lymphatic vessels

Question 7

What is the function of Simple Squamous epithelial tissue?

Answer 7

-filtration
-secretes lubricating substances in serosae

Question 8

What is the structure of Simple Squamous epithelial tissue?

Answer 8

-single layer of flattened cells
-disk shaped central nucleus
-sparse cytoplasm

Question 9

What’s the structure of Simple Epithelial tissue?

Answer 9

-one layer of cells
-Basement membrane (connective tissue for structural support)
-no blood vessels
-apical specialisation (microvilli)

Question 10

Name 5 different roles of the epithelial tissue

Answer 10

-Secretion
-Physical protection
-Absorption
-Filtration
-Sensation (sensory endings)

Question 11

Name the broad function of each tissue group

Answer 11

Nervous-rapid signal conduction
Muscular-Contraction
Epithelial-Covers organs, form glands, protect, secrete, absorb
Connective- Support, bind and protect organs

Question 12

Name 9 interdependent systems

Answer 12

-Integumentary
-Musculoskeletal
-Cardiovascular
-Respiratory
-Lymphatic
-Digestive
-Urinary
-Nervous
Endocrine

Question 13

List the levels of organisation from smallest to largest

Answer 13

-Atomic
-Molecular
-Organelles
-Cellular
-Tissue
-Organ
-System
-organismal

Question 14

What are the four broad muscle groups called?

Answer 14

-Connective Tissue
-Epithelial tissue
-Nervous tissue
-Muscle tissue

Question 15

What is the function of cyte cells?

Answer 15

-Mature Form
Maintains/ recycles / breaks down ground substance

e.g- osteocytes,chondrocytes

Question 16

Difference between blasts and clasts

Answer 16

-Blasts build new matrix and clasts break down matrix

-They work together to break down or build / replace/ repair

Question 17

Examples of Clast cells

Answer 17

osteoclasts (bone)
Chondroclasts (cartilage)

Question 18

Examples of blast cells

Answer 18

-Fibroblasts (in connective tissue proper)
-chondroblasts (cartilage)
-Osteoblasts (bone)

Question 19

What are blast cells? structure and function

Answer 19

-Immature form
-Mitotically active
-secrete ground substance and fibres

Question 20

What is the function of clast cells?

Answer 20

Breakdown of connective tissue

Question 21

What are glycoaminoglycans and what do they do?

Answer 21

Have a high negative charge density that attracts and traps water molecules

Question 22

What is ground substance made up from/

Answer 22

Mainly water and hygroscopic proteoglycans

Question 23

What are the three main components of connective tissue?

Answer 23

• Ground substance or matrix
  -Cells
  -Fibres- collagen and elastin

Question 24

What are the main functions of connective tissue?

Answer 24

-Binding of organs
-support
-Physical protection
-Immune protection
-Movement
-Storage
-Heat production
-Transport

Question 25

What are the main types of connective tissue?

Answer 25

-Connective tissue proper -Cartilage -Bone -Blood

Question 26

What are basal cells?

Answer 26

A form of stem cells

Question 27

How do stratified epithelial cells regenerate?

Answer 27

-From basal cells dividing -cells migrate to surface -mechanism of epidermis replacement

Question 28

Define adipose tissue

Answer 28

Fat cell, Stores fat for when it is needed, richly supplied with nervous tissue

Question 29

Adipose tissue structure

Answer 29

-Adipocyte nucleus (displaced in cells) -Blood vessels -Lipid in adipocyte

Question 30

What is the structure of dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 30

Fibres spread in all different directions . supports organs by resisting tears in all directions

Question 31

What is the structure of Dense regular Connective tissue?

Answer 31

-Strong tissue in one direction -Fibroblast nuclei -collagen fibres -Ground substance

Question 32

Structure of loose areolar connective tissue

Answer 32

-Ground substance -elastic fibres -collagenous fibres -fibroblasts- move through the areolar tissue to repair and rebuild

Question 33

What are the three main types of connective tissue proper?

Answer 33

-Areolar connective tissue -Dense connective tissue -Adipose connective tissue

Question 34

Hyaline cartilage structure

Answer 34

-Chondrocytes -Lacuna -Perichondrium

Question 35

What is the Lacuna?

Answer 35

Cavities in the matrix, can contain osteocytes in bones

Question 36

What is the perichondrium?

Answer 36

A dense layer of fiborous connective tissue, covers cartilage surface

Question 37

Elastic cartilage structure

Answer 37

-Chondroblasts -Lacuna -Ground substance -Elastic fibres -Elastin adn fibrillin

Question 38

Define fibrillin

Answer 38

provide structural support for elastic fibres to stay in place

Question 39

What's the role of fibrocartilage?

Answer 39

-Chondrocytes -Collagen fibres -Lacuna -Thick fibres- shock absorber

Question 40

Bone structure

Answer 40

-Lacunae -osteocytes -Periosteum -osteons Haversian canals -central canal

Question 41

What is the periosteum in bones?

Answer 41

membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wrap around your bones

Question 42

What are the haversian canals?

Answer 42

They allow bone to get oxygen and nutrients without being highly vascular

Question 43

Structure of the blood?

Answer 43

-erythrocytes -lymphocytes -neutrophils -plasma -cells,matrix,fibres -platelets

Question 44

What's the structure and function of the nervous tissue?

Answer 44

-Glial cells- metabolically greedy cells that control calcium, potassium and sodium levels -remove excess neurotransmitter cells

Question 45

3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 45

-skeletal -cardiac -smooth

Question 46

Which muscle tissues are voluntary and which are involuntary?

Answer 46

v- skeletal I- cardiac and smooth

Question 47

What are intercalated disks in cardiac muscles?

Answer 47

Sit between cells to allow electrical activity to pass through cells

Question 48

Types of nuclei in cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle?

Answer 48

cardiac- 1 nucleus Skeletal- Multinucleate Smooth muscle- mononucleate