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Foundations of Healthcare Science > Cells and Tissues > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the locations of Simple Columnar Epithelium

A
  • Digestive system (stomach to rectum)
    -Gallbladder
    -Some gland ducts
    -Ciliated Variety lines small bronchi
    -Fallopian tubes
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2
Q

What is the function of Simple Columnar Epithelium?

A
  • Absorption/ selection
    -Propels mucus by cillary action
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3
Q

Describe Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

-Tall cells
-Oval nuclei
-Cilia or microvilli
-May contain goblet cells

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4
Q

What is the location of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

A

-Kidney tubueles
-small glands
-ovary surface

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5
Q

Describe Simple Cuboidal Epithelila tissue

A

-Cube like cells
-Large spherical nucleus

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6
Q

What is the location of Simple Squamous Epithelial tissue?

A

-Kidney glomeruli
-alveoli
-heart lining
-blood vessels
-lymphatic vessels

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7
Q

What is the function of Simple Squamous epithelial tissue?

A

-filtration
-secretes lubricating substances in serosae

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8
Q

What is the structure of Simple Squamous epithelial tissue?

A

-single layer of flattened cells
-disk shaped central nucleus
-sparse cytoplasm

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9
Q

What’s the structure of Simple Epithelial tissue?

A

-one layer of cells
-Basement membrane (connective tissue for structural support)
-no blood vessels
-apical specialisation (microvilli)

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10
Q

Name 5 different roles of the epithelial tissue

A

-Secretion
-Physical protection
-Absorption
-Filtration
-Sensation (sensory endings)

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11
Q

Name the broad function of each tissue group

A

Nervous-rapid signal conduction
Muscular-Contraction
Epithelial-Covers organs, form glands, protect, secrete, absorb
Connective- Support, bind and protect organs

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12
Q

Name 9 interdependent systems

A

-Integumentary
-Musculoskeletal
-Cardiovascular
-Respiratory
-Lymphatic
-Digestive
-Urinary
-Nervous
Endocrine

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13
Q

List the levels of organisation from smallest to largest

A

-Atomic
-Molecular
-Organelles
-Cellular
-Tissue
-Organ
-System
-organismal

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14
Q

What are the four broad muscle groups called?

A

-Connective Tissue
-Epithelial tissue
-Nervous tissue
-Muscle tissue

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15
Q

What is the function of cyte cells?

A

-Mature Form
Maintains/ recycles / breaks down ground substance

e.g- osteocytes,chondrocytes

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16
Q

Difference between blasts and clasts

A

-Blasts build new matrix and clasts break down matrix

-They work together to break down or build / replace/ repair

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17
Q

Examples of Clast cells

A

osteoclasts (bone)
Chondroclasts (cartilage)

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18
Q

Examples of blast cells

A

-Fibroblasts (in connective tissue proper)
-chondroblasts (cartilage)
-Osteoblasts (bone)

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19
Q

What are blast cells? structure and function

A

-Immature form
-Mitotically active
-secrete ground substance and fibres

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20
Q

What is the function of clast cells?

A

Breakdown of connective tissue

21
Q

What are glycoaminoglycans and what do they do?

A

Have a high negative charge density that attracts and traps water molecules

22
Q

What is ground substance made up from/

A

Mainly water and hygroscopic proteoglycans

23
Q

What are the three main components of connective tissue?

A
  • Ground substance or matrix
    -Cells
    -Fibres- collagen and elastin
24
Q

What are the main functions of connective tissue?

A

-Binding of organs
-support
-Physical protection
-Immune protection
-Movement
-Storage
-Heat production
-Transport

25
Q

What are the main types of connective tissue?

A

-Connective tissue proper
-Cartilage
-Bone
-Blood

26
Q

What are basal cells?

A

A form of stem cells

27
Q

How do stratified epithelial cells regenerate?

A

-From basal cells dividing
-cells migrate to surface
-mechanism of epidermis replacement

28
Q

Define adipose tissue

A

Fat cell, Stores fat for when it is needed, richly supplied with nervous tissue

29
Q

Adipose tissue structure

A

-Adipocyte nucleus (displaced in cells)
-Blood vessels
-Lipid in adipocyte

30
Q

What is the structure of dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Fibres spread in all different directions .
supports organs by resisting tears in all directions

31
Q

What is the structure of Dense regular Connective tissue?

A

-Strong tissue in one direction
-Fibroblast nuclei
-collagen fibres
-Ground substance

32
Q

Structure of loose areolar connective tissue

A

-Ground substance
-elastic fibres
-collagenous fibres
-fibroblasts- move through the areolar tissue to repair and rebuild

33
Q

What are the three main types of connective tissue proper?

A

-Areolar connective tissue
-Dense connective tissue
-Adipose connective tissue

34
Q

Hyaline cartilage structure

A

-Chondrocytes
-Lacuna
-Perichondrium

35
Q

What is the Lacuna?

A

Cavities in the matrix, can contain osteocytes in bones

36
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

A dense layer of fiborous connective tissue, covers cartilage surface

37
Q

Elastic cartilage structure

A

-Chondroblasts
-Lacuna
-Ground substance
-Elastic fibres
-Elastin adn fibrillin

38
Q

Define fibrillin

A

provide structural support for elastic fibres to stay in place

39
Q

What’s the role of fibrocartilage?

A

-Chondrocytes
-Collagen fibres
-Lacuna
-Thick fibres- shock absorber

40
Q

Bone structure

A

-Lacunae
-osteocytes
-Periosteum
-osteons
Haversian canals
-central canal

41
Q

What is the periosteum in bones?

A

membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wrap around your bones

42
Q

What are the haversian canals?

A

They allow bone to get oxygen and nutrients without being highly vascular

43
Q

Structure of the blood?

A

-erythrocytes
-lymphocytes
-neutrophils
-plasma
-cells,matrix,fibres
-platelets

44
Q

What’s the structure and function of the nervous tissue?

A

-Glial cells- metabolically greedy cells that control calcium, potassium and sodium levels
-remove excess neurotransmitter cells

45
Q

3 types of muscle tissue?

A

-skeletal
-cardiac
-smooth

46
Q

Which muscle tissues are voluntary and which are involuntary?

A

v- skeletal
I- cardiac and smooth

47
Q

What are intercalated disks in cardiac muscles?

A

Sit between cells to allow electrical activity to pass through cells

48
Q

Types of nuclei in cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle?

A

cardiac- 1 nucleus
Skeletal- Multinucleate
Smooth muscle- mononucleate

Foundations of Healthcare Science (30 decks)

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