Cells and Tissues Flashcards
Name the locations of Simple Columnar Epithelium
- Digestive system (stomach to rectum)
-Gallbladder
-Some gland ducts
-Ciliated Variety lines small bronchi
-Fallopian tubes
What is the function of Simple Columnar Epithelium?
- Absorption/ selection
-Propels mucus by cillary action
Describe Simple Columnar Epithelium
-Tall cells
-Oval nuclei
-Cilia or microvilli
-May contain goblet cells
What is the location of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?
-Kidney tubueles
-small glands
-ovary surface
Describe Simple Cuboidal Epithelila tissue
-Cube like cells
-Large spherical nucleus
What is the location of Simple Squamous Epithelial tissue?
-Kidney glomeruli
-alveoli
-heart lining
-blood vessels
-lymphatic vessels
What is the function of Simple Squamous epithelial tissue?
-filtration
-secretes lubricating substances in serosae
What is the structure of Simple Squamous epithelial tissue?
-single layer of flattened cells
-disk shaped central nucleus
-sparse cytoplasm
What’s the structure of Simple Epithelial tissue?
-one layer of cells
-Basement membrane (connective tissue for structural support)
-no blood vessels
-apical specialisation (microvilli)
Name 5 different roles of the epithelial tissue
-Secretion
-Physical protection
-Absorption
-Filtration
-Sensation (sensory endings)
Name the broad function of each tissue group
Nervous-rapid signal conduction
Muscular-Contraction
Epithelial-Covers organs, form glands, protect, secrete, absorb
Connective- Support, bind and protect organs
Name 9 interdependent systems
-Integumentary
-Musculoskeletal
-Cardiovascular
-Respiratory
-Lymphatic
-Digestive
-Urinary
-Nervous
Endocrine
List the levels of organisation from smallest to largest
-Atomic
-Molecular
-Organelles
-Cellular
-Tissue
-Organ
-System
-organismal
What are the four broad muscle groups called?
-Connective Tissue
-Epithelial tissue
-Nervous tissue
-Muscle tissue
What is the function of cyte cells?
-Mature Form
Maintains/ recycles / breaks down ground substance
e.g- osteocytes,chondrocytes
Difference between blasts and clasts
-Blasts build new matrix and clasts break down matrix
-They work together to break down or build / replace/ repair
Examples of Clast cells
osteoclasts (bone)
Chondroclasts (cartilage)
Examples of blast cells
-Fibroblasts (in connective tissue proper)
-chondroblasts (cartilage)
-Osteoblasts (bone)
What are blast cells? structure and function
-Immature form
-Mitotically active
-secrete ground substance and fibres
What is the function of clast cells?
Breakdown of connective tissue
What are glycoaminoglycans and what do they do?
Have a high negative charge density that attracts and traps water molecules
What is ground substance made up from/
Mainly water and hygroscopic proteoglycans
What are the three main components of connective tissue?
- Ground substance or matrix
-Cells
-Fibres- collagen and elastin
What are the main functions of connective tissue?
-Binding of organs
-support
-Physical protection
-Immune protection
-Movement
-Storage
-Heat production
-Transport
What are the main types of connective tissue?
-Connective tissue proper
-Cartilage
-Bone
-Blood
What are basal cells?
A form of stem cells
How do stratified epithelial cells regenerate?
-From basal cells dividing
-cells migrate to surface
-mechanism of epidermis replacement
Define adipose tissue
Fat cell, Stores fat for when it is needed, richly supplied with nervous tissue
Adipose tissue structure
-Adipocyte nucleus (displaced in cells)
-Blood vessels
-Lipid in adipocyte
What is the structure of dense irregular connective tissue?
Fibres spread in all different directions .
supports organs by resisting tears in all directions
What is the structure of Dense regular Connective tissue?
-Strong tissue in one direction
-Fibroblast nuclei
-collagen fibres
-Ground substance
Structure of loose areolar connective tissue
-Ground substance
-elastic fibres
-collagenous fibres
-fibroblasts- move through the areolar tissue to repair and rebuild
What are the three main types of connective tissue proper?
-Areolar connective tissue
-Dense connective tissue
-Adipose connective tissue
Hyaline cartilage structure
-Chondrocytes
-Lacuna
-Perichondrium
What is the Lacuna?
Cavities in the matrix, can contain osteocytes in bones
What is the perichondrium?
A dense layer of fiborous connective tissue, covers cartilage surface
Elastic cartilage structure
-Chondroblasts
-Lacuna
-Ground substance
-Elastic fibres
-Elastin adn fibrillin
Define fibrillin
provide structural support for elastic fibres to stay in place
What’s the role of fibrocartilage?
-Chondrocytes
-Collagen fibres
-Lacuna
-Thick fibres- shock absorber
Bone structure
-Lacunae
-osteocytes
-Periosteum
-osteons
Haversian canals
-central canal
What is the periosteum in bones?
membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wrap around your bones
What are the haversian canals?
They allow bone to get oxygen and nutrients without being highly vascular
Structure of the blood?
-erythrocytes
-lymphocytes
-neutrophils
-plasma
-cells,matrix,fibres
-platelets
What’s the structure and function of the nervous tissue?
-Glial cells- metabolically greedy cells that control calcium, potassium and sodium levels
-remove excess neurotransmitter cells
3 types of muscle tissue?
-skeletal
-cardiac
-smooth
Which muscle tissues are voluntary and which are involuntary?
v- skeletal
I- cardiac and smooth
What are intercalated disks in cardiac muscles?
Sit between cells to allow electrical activity to pass through cells
Types of nuclei in cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle?
cardiac- 1 nucleus
Skeletal- Multinucleate
Smooth muscle- mononucleate
