Cardiovascular system

Question 1

What blood is carried in the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 1

Deoxygenated blood

Question 2

What blood is carried in the systemic circuit?

Answer 2

Oxygenated blood

Question 3

What is the function of the pericardium?

Answer 3

-protect the heart
-anchor the heart in position
-prevent overfilling the heart with blood
-fluid within the pericardial cavity provides a friction free environment

Question 4

What are the two layers of the sereous layer of the pericardium?

Answer 4

-parietal-outer
-visceral-inner

Question 5

Structure of endocadium?

Answer 5

-squamous epithelium
-continuous endothelial linings of blood vessels
-inner layer

Question 6

Function of the epicardium?

Answer 6

supports blood vessels and nerves

Question 7

what are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 7

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 8

right ventricle pumps blood to…..
left ventricle pumps blood to….

Answer 8

-lungs
-body

Question 9

What pressure requirements does the pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation need?

Answer 9

PC- lower pressure
SC- higher pressure

Question 10

Describe the lub dub sound of the heart

Answer 10

lub-closure of AV valves
dub-closure of SL valves

Question 11

What are the three layers of arteries and vein walls?

Answer 11

-tunica intima
-tunica media
-tunica externa

Question 12

Describe the structure of the tunica externa

Answer 12

-connective tissue
-rich on collagen

Question 13

Describe the structure of the tunica media

Answer 13

-smooth muscle and elastic fibres

Question 14

Describe the structure of the tunica intima

Answer 14

simple squamous epithelia

Question 15

Describe the structure and function of elastic arteries

Answer 15

-thick walled
-lots of elastic tissue
-allows for expansion and contraction causing blood to flow smoothly

Question 16

Describe the structure and function of muscular arteries

Answer 16

-smaller and they branch from elastic arteries
-distribute blood to body
-more muscular tunica media allows blood flow to be controlled

Question 17

What is the structure of arterioles?

Answer 17

-smooth muscle/media surrounding endothelium
-held by outer layer of collagen fibres

Question 18

What is the function of arterioles?

Answer 18

-smooth muscle allows regulation of blood flow to cappilaries
-vasoconstriction when smooth muscle contracts, vessel lumen is smaller, less blood flow
-vasodilation-relaxed, lumen is larger, more blood flow

Question 19

Structure and function of cappilaries

Answer 19

-thin wall-just tunica intima
-provide access to all cells of the body
-exchange site
-slower blood flow, exchange can occur, large surface area

Question 20

What is the structure of Veins and Venules?

Answer 20

-venules-cappilaries joining together
-veins-venules joined together
-pressure in veins is lower than arteries because vein walls are thinner

Question 21

what causes a pulse?

Answer 21

-result of left ventricle contracting - systolic pressure

Question 22

Name some different pulse sites

Answer 22

-superficial temporal artery
-facial artery
-common cartoid artery
-brachial artery
-radial artery
-femoral artery
-popliteal artery
-posterior tibial artery
-dorsalis pedis artery

Question 23

What are the two branches of the coronary artery?

Answer 23

-anterior interventricular artery
-circumflex artery

Question 24

What are the two branches of the right coronary artery?

Answer 24

-right marginal artery
-posterior interventricular artery

Question 25

Describe the process of the coronary circulation

Answer 25

-venous blood collected by cardiac veins
-joined to form the coronary sinus-empties blood into RA
-several anterior cardiac vein also empty into RA

Question 26

Name the three large tributaries of the coronary sinus

Answer 26

-great cardiac vein
-middle cardiac vein
-small cardiac vein

Question 27

Describe the events that cause an increase in heart rate during excersise

Answer 27

-Chemoreceptors detect an increase in CO2 concentration in the blood
-impulses sent to the cardioaccelerator centre in the medulla
-more impulses sent to the SAN via the SNS
-More impulses from the SAN
-increased heart rate