Protein synthesis inhibs-Antimicrobials

Question 1

70 S ribosomes made up of a 30 s subunit and a 50 S subunit are found in?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes

*80 S with 40 s and 60 S subunits in Eukaryotes

Question 2

High doses of drugs that interfere with protein synthesis can also interfere with what human component?

Answer 2

Human Mitochondria (closely resemble bacterial ribosomes)

Question 3

Gentamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin and neomycin are all what type of protein synthesis inhibitor?

Answer 3

Aminoglycosides

Question 4

Tetracyline, doxycycline, minocycline, and tigecycline are all what type of protein synthesis inhibitor?

Answer 4

Tetracyclines

Question 5

Erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin are all what type of protein synthesis inhibitor?

Answer 5

Macrolides

Question 6

Though they do not fall into a specific category, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, linezolid quiniprositin/dalfopristin and mupirocin are what type of drugs?

Answer 6

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Question 7

What type of drugs bind the 30 S ribosomal subunit to block initiation, prematurely terminate, and cause misreads in translation?

Answer 7

Aminoglycosides

Question 8

Having a post-antibiotic effect and bactericidal properties, aminoglycosides are given through IV of IM (not oral) to combat what type of organisms?

Answer 8

Severe Aerobic gram (-) (ie. Pseudomonas aeroginosa)

*Neomycin is used topically because of nephrotoxicity

Question 9

What are some side effects of aminoglycosides?

Answer 9

• ototoxicity (destroys hair cells)
• Nephrotoxicity (need to monitor plasma concentrations)
• teratogen

Question 10

What are the 5 main aminoglycosides and their administration?

Answer 10

1-Streptomycin (IM/IV, high resistance to this)
2-Gentamycin (IV, most commonly used)
3-Amikacin (IM/IV, broadest spectrum)
4-Tobramycin (IM/IV, pseudomonas aeruginosa)
5-Neomycin (topical, can be enema to detoxify colon)

Question 11

Which drug type is bacteriostatic, broad spectrum (G (+/-)), binds the 30 s subunit, has cross resistant within group, and is 1st choice drug for rickettsial, mycoplasma, chlamydial, brucellosis, cholera, lyme disease and plague?

Answer 11

Tetracyclines

*also used as 2nd choice for mixed respiratory infections

Question 12

What are some adverse effects of tetracyclines?

Answer 12

1-Hairy tongue
2-Teeth staining
3-headache
4-metallic taste

*avoid with alcohol

Question 13

Tigecycline has the same spectrum as other TTCs plus what?

Answer 13

MRSA, multidrug resistant S. pneumonieae, vancomycin resistant enterococci and some anaerobes

Question 14

Among the safest of antibiotics, which group of broad spectrum, 50 s binding antibiotics are bacteriostatic and used as 2nd line for skin and soft tissue not due to MRSA?

Answer 14

Macrolides (ketolides)

Question 15

Why are macrolides dangerous in the liver?

Answer 15

all but azithromycin inhibit CYP450 which can cause accumulation of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.

*azithro has longest half-life

Question 16

What drug is bacteriostatic in broad spectrum but bacteriocidal to H. influenza, and may cause hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, or gray baby syndrome?

Answer 16

Chlorpamphenicol

Question 17

Affective against Gram (+) cocci, which drug may lead to pseudomembranous colitis and is antagonistic if co-administered with macrolides?

Answer 17

Clindamycin

Question 18

Bactericidal agains streptococci and bacteriostatic agains enterococci and staphylococci, which drug is generally well tolerated but may cause serotonin syndrome in patients taking SSRIs?

Answer 18

Linezolid

Question 19

Used only for serious infections of multi drug resistant gram (+) organisms, which drug binds 50 s subunit and does not need dose adjustment in renal insufficiency?

Answer 19

Quinuprostin/Dalfopristin (30:70 ratio) (Streptogramins)

Question 20

Which drug is unique in that it reversible inhibits transfer-RNA synthetase enzyme and is bactericidal?

Answer 20

Mupirocin (bactroban)

*often used topically

Question 21

Which two classes of drug bind the 30s subunit?

Answer 21

Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines

Question 22

Which 5 drugs/categories bind the 50s subunit?

Answer 22

1-Chloramphenicol
2-Clindamycin
3-Macrolides
4-Linezolid
5-streptogramins

Question 23

Mneumonic for Aminoglycosides?

Answer 23

MEAN (amine) GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes

Question 24

mneumonic for tetracyclines?

Answer 24

VACUUM THe BedRoom

Question 25

Which drugs/groups are bacteriostatic?

Answer 25

• Tetracyclines
• Chloramphenicol
• Macrolides
• Linezolid
• Streptogramins

Question 26

Which drugs/groups are bactericidal?

Answer 26

• Mupirocin

- Aminoglycosides