Diarrhea Flashcards
Syndromes of diarrhea or vomiting that tend to involve non-inflammatory infection of upper small bowel or inflammatory infection of the colon are referred to as what?
Gastroenteritis
What are two normal enteric microflora?
1-Bacteroides fragilis (anaerobe)
2-E. Coli (Facultative)
What are the 3 main Microbial virulence factor categories?
1-Toxins
2-Attachment
3-Invasiveness
What are the three categories of Toxins?
1-Neurotoxins
2-Enterotoxins
3-Cytotoxins
Typical of S. Aureus, B. Cereus, and C. botulinum, what type of toxin are preformed and generally effect the central autonomic nervous system?
Neurotoxins
Typical of Vibrio cholerae along with other organisms, which type of toxin have a direct effect on intestinal mucosa causing fluid secretion and outpouring of electrolytes and fluid?
Enterotoxins
*watery diarrea, primarily attacks jejunum and upper ileum
Often resulting in inflammatory colitis, which toxin is responsible for mucosal destruction and is generally referred to as dysentery?
Cytotoxins
*Shigella dysenteriae is a major cause
Attachment destroys the ability of cells to participate in normal secretion and absorption and is typical of what 4 organisms?
1-E. Coli
2-Giardia lamblia
3-Cryptosporidium
4-Isospora
Invasion and destruction of epithelial cells, primarily the colon, is responsible for dysenteric diarrhea and is caused primarily by what organisms?
1-Shigella spp. 2-E. Coli 3-Salmonella typhi 4-Salmonella cholerasuis 5-Vibrio Spp. 6-Yersinia enterocolitica
What are the two main causes of food-borne illness in the U.S.?
1-Campylobacter jejuni
2-Salmonella spp.
Which pathogen is found in higher fat foods like meats and milk products?
Staphylococcus Aureus
*Rapid onset
Which pathogen is an anaerobic spore former and is found in meats and soil?
C. Perfringenes
Which pathogen is found primarily in Poultry, eggs, meats, milk, and produce?
Salmonella
Which pathogen is found on Produce and is passed as direct fecal/oral?
Shigella
Which pathogen is found in water, raw milk, poultry and passed by some pets?
Campylobacter
What is the main parasite found in raw or undercooked seafood?
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
*Cousin to Cholera
Which pathogen is found in rice (rewarmed usually) meat and vegetables (dirt)?
Bacillus Cereus
Which pathogen is found in slow moving water?
Aeromonas Hydrophilia
Which pathogen is found in water and contaminated food?
Vibrio cholera
*rice water diarrhea
Which pathogen is found in beef, raw milk and produce?
SLT E. Coli
Which pathogen is found in soft cheeses, raw milk and deli meats?
Listeria monocytogenes
*can cause neonatal meningitis or kill the fetus
What is the incubation time for the hysteria reaction?
minutes
What is the incubation time for B. Cereus, S. Aureus, and chemicals/heavy metals/shellfish toxins?
Minutes-hours
What is the incubation time for Botulism and clostridium perfringenes?
Several hours
What is the incubation time for Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter, yersenia enterocoliticia and viruses?
A day or so
What is the incubation time for clostridium difficile, giardia and amoebas?
Days to weeks
What is the most important treatment for diarrhea?
Fluid replacement
What treatment has no value for food poising, lifesaving in invasive salmonella and typhoid fever, can be used for shigella or cholera and should be evaluated for use in SLT E. Coli and HUS?
Antibiotics
