Organ Transplant Rejection

Question 1

What are 3 fundamental problems in organ transplantation?

Answer 1

1-Transplant must perform its function
2-Transplant and recipient health must be maintained
3-Recipient immune system must not reject the transplant

Question 2

What are 2 Transplantation types?

Answer 2

1-Solid organ

2-Blood (bone marrow or transfusion)

Question 3

When a donor and recipient are the same individual it is called?

Answer 3

Autologous

Question 4

When the donor and recipient are genetically identical (twins) it is called?

Answer 4

Syngeneic

Question 5

When the donor and recipient are genetically different but of the same species it is called what?

Answer 5

Allogeneic

Question 6

When the donor and recipient are of different species it is called?

Answer 6

Xenogeneic

Question 7

What are the 3 types of Organ rejection?

Answer 7

1-Hyperacute
2-Acute
3-Chronic

Question 8

Which type of organ rejection is type II hypersensitivity, happens in minutes to hours of which alloantibodies are a problem?

Answer 8

Hyperacute

Question 9

Which type of organ rejection is Type IV hypersensitivity involving CD4 and CD8 T cells and have HLA mismatches?

Answer 9

Acute

Question 10

Which type of Organ rejection is Type III hypersensitivity, is caused by antibodies against transplant MHC I and is associated with long term organ transplant inflammation?

Answer 10

Chronic

Question 11

What is the most common transplant?

Answer 11

Blood transfusion

*no MHC I or II so no HLA matching, leukocytes are removed

Question 12

What are the three fractions of blood that are commonly transfused?

Answer 12

1-Erythrocytes
2-Plasma
3-Platelets

Question 13

ABO antigens dictate blood type and transfusion success, when the blood is rejected it is what type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 13

Type II

*oligosaccharides on erythrocytes. Gut express similar A and B antigen.

Question 14

Which blood type is the universal donor?

Answer 14

Type O- (no surface A/B protein or Rh factor)

Question 15

Which blood type is the universal recipient?

Answer 15

AB+ (No antibodies against A,B or Rh factor)

Question 16

What needs to match for a success cornea, liver or kidney transplant respectively?

Answer 16

Cornea: No matching needed
Liver: Only blood type
Kidney: HLA and blood type

Question 17

Direct and Indirect allorecognition leads to what?

Answer 17

Graft rejection

Question 18

What type of rejection is caused by transplant dendritic cells activating recipient T cells though direct MHC interaction, independent of peptide and happens in days to weeks?

Answer 18

Direct allorecognition causing acute rejection

*Type IV sensitivity

Question 19

How do you reset the blood system?

Answer 19

Bone marrow/Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

*used for blood diseases (myeloid and lymphoid cancers) also causes graft Versus host disease (GVHD)

Question 20

What must the donor and recipient share some of in order to mount an adaptive immune response?

Answer 20

HLA class I and II haplotypes

Question 21

What disease results when the transplant adaptive immune cells target and kill recipient tissues?

Answer 21

Graft versus host disease

*most pronounced in GI, liver and skin

Question 22

Alloreactive NK cells can kill what?

Answer 22

Leukemia in recipient

Question 23

What drugs suppress NF-kB transcriptional activity by increasing IkBa production?

Answer 23

Corticosteroids

*Prednisolone is the active compound

Question 24

Immunosuppression targets what?

Answer 24

T cell activation signals

1-Activation
2-Survival
3-Proliferation