Barriers and Soluble Effectors

Question 1

A generalized host defense mechanism that continuously acts from the start to finish and does not adapt is called what?

Answer 1

Innate immunity

Question 2

The immediate part of the integrated system consists of what?

Answer 2

• Barriers (Mechanical, Chemical, Microbiological)

- Soluble effectors (complement, antimicrobial peptides)

Question 3

The induced part of the integrated system consists of what?

Answer 3

• Cells

- Cytokines (Interleukins, chemokines, growth factors)

Question 4

What are the two classes of molecular patterns?

Answer 4

• Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

- Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)

Question 5

Tight Junctions, Longitudinal flow of air, Fatty acids, B-defensins, lamellar bodies and cathelicidins are all part of which barrier?

Answer 5

Skin

Question 6

Tight junctions, longitudinal air/fluid flow, Low pH, enzymes (pepsin), a-defensins(cryptdins), regIII (leciticidins) and cathelicidin are all part of which barrier?

Answer 6

Gut

Question 7

Tight junctions, movement of mucus by cilia, pulmonary surfactant, a-defensins and cathelicidin are all part of which barrier?

Answer 7

Lungs

Question 8

Tight junctions, teras, nasal cilia, enzymes in tears and saliva (lysozymes) histatin and B-defensins are all part of which barrier?

Answer 8

eyes/nose/oral cavity

Question 9

What cells are in the epithelium of the gut to pass antigens to dendritic cells for pathogen detection?

Answer 9

M cells

Question 10

What is an example of isolation and physical removal of a chemical barrier acting on pathogens?

Answer 10

mucus secretion and motility, such as in the lungs and other mucosal surfaces

Question 11

What is an example of targeted destruction of a chemical barrier acting on pathogens?

Answer 11

Lysozyme breaking down peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria

Question 12

Located in mucosal and glandular secretions, what protein cleaves glycosidic bonds of peptidoglycans in cell walls of bacteria, leading to lysis?

Answer 12

Lysozyme

Question 13

Located in mucosal and glandular secretions which protein binds and sequesters iron, limiting growth of bacteria and fungi, disrupts membranes and limits infectivity of some viruses?

Answer 13

Lactoferrin

Question 14

Found on the skin, and mucosal/glandular secretion, which protein blocks epithelial infection by bacteria, fungi and viruses?

Answer 14

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor

Question 15

Found on the skin and in mucosal/glandular secretions which protein disrupts membranes, binds and sequesters divalent cations and limited growth of bacteria and fungi?

Answer 15

S100 proteins (psoriasin, calprotectin)

Question 16

Found on the skin and mucosal epithelia which protein disrupts membranes of bacteria, fungi, protozoan parasites, viruses, and has intracellular toxic effects?

Answer 16

Defensins (a and B)

*creates pores in the membrane

Question 17

Found on mucosal epithelia, which protein disrupts membranes of bacteria by making mycells out of them, and has toxic effects intracellularly?

Answer 17

Cathelicidin (LL37)

Question 18

Found in secretions of respiratory tract, which protein blocks bacterial surface components and promotes phagocytosis through opsonization?

Answer 18

Surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-D

Question 19

What chemical barrier protein is found prominently in oral epithelium (periodontal sulcus)?

Answer 19

Defensins

Question 20

How can Mutualistic and Commensalistic bacteria be part of the innate immune system?

Answer 20

By forming barriers, out-competing pathogens, and through metabolic functions

Question 21

The immune surveillance system of plasma proteins that act in cascades to selectively kill pathogens, diseased tissue, promote inflammation, clear tissue damage and regulate tissue homeostasis is called what?

Answer 21

The Complement system

Question 22

What are 3 complement system pathways?

Answer 22

1-Classical pathway
2-Lectin pathway
3-Alternate pathway