Barriers and Soluble Effectors Flashcards
A generalized host defense mechanism that continuously acts from the start to finish and does not adapt is called what?
Innate immunity
The immediate part of the integrated system consists of what?
- Barriers (Mechanical, Chemical, Microbiological)
- Soluble effectors (complement, antimicrobial peptides)
The induced part of the integrated system consists of what?
- Cells
- Cytokines (Interleukins, chemokines, growth factors)
What are the two classes of molecular patterns?
- Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
- Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
Tight Junctions, Longitudinal flow of air, Fatty acids, B-defensins, lamellar bodies and cathelicidins are all part of which barrier?
Skin
Tight junctions, longitudinal air/fluid flow, Low pH, enzymes (pepsin), a-defensins(cryptdins), regIII (leciticidins) and cathelicidin are all part of which barrier?
Gut
Tight junctions, movement of mucus by cilia, pulmonary surfactant, a-defensins and cathelicidin are all part of which barrier?
Lungs
Tight junctions, teras, nasal cilia, enzymes in tears and saliva (lysozymes) histatin and B-defensins are all part of which barrier?
eyes/nose/oral cavity
What cells are in the epithelium of the gut to pass antigens to dendritic cells for pathogen detection?
M cells
What is an example of isolation and physical removal of a chemical barrier acting on pathogens?
mucus secretion and motility, such as in the lungs and other mucosal surfaces
What is an example of targeted destruction of a chemical barrier acting on pathogens?
Lysozyme breaking down peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria
Located in mucosal and glandular secretions, what protein cleaves glycosidic bonds of peptidoglycans in cell walls of bacteria, leading to lysis?
Lysozyme
Located in mucosal and glandular secretions which protein binds and sequesters iron, limiting growth of bacteria and fungi, disrupts membranes and limits infectivity of some viruses?
Lactoferrin
Found on the skin, and mucosal/glandular secretion, which protein blocks epithelial infection by bacteria, fungi and viruses?
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor
Found on the skin and in mucosal/glandular secretions which protein disrupts membranes, binds and sequesters divalent cations and limited growth of bacteria and fungi?
S100 proteins (psoriasin, calprotectin)
Found on the skin and mucosal epithelia which protein disrupts membranes of bacteria, fungi, protozoan parasites, viruses, and has intracellular toxic effects?
Defensins (a and B)
*creates pores in the membrane
Found on mucosal epithelia, which protein disrupts membranes of bacteria by making mycells out of them, and has toxic effects intracellularly?
Cathelicidin (LL37)
Found in secretions of respiratory tract, which protein blocks bacterial surface components and promotes phagocytosis through opsonization?
Surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-D
What chemical barrier protein is found prominently in oral epithelium (periodontal sulcus)?
Defensins
How can Mutualistic and Commensalistic bacteria be part of the innate immune system?
By forming barriers, out-competing pathogens, and through metabolic functions
The immune surveillance system of plasma proteins that act in cascades to selectively kill pathogens, diseased tissue, promote inflammation, clear tissue damage and regulate tissue homeostasis is called what?
The Complement system
What are 3 complement system pathways?
1-Classical pathway
2-Lectin pathway
3-Alternate pathway
