Antibiotic resistance

Question 1

What are the 6 main targets of antibiotics?

Answer 1

1-Cell wall synthesis
2-RNA synthesis
3-Amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase
4-Folic acid (tetrahydrofolate) synthesis)
5-Protein Synthesis
6-DNA replication/repair/segregation

Question 2

What are 4 ways bacteria gain resistance to antibiotics?

Answer 2

1-restrict access of antibiotic to target (efflux pumps)
2-Modify the target
3-Enzymatic inactivation or modification of antibiotic
4-Modify expression of bacterial factors needed to activate the antibiotic-prodrugs

Question 3

How do bacteria become resistant to tetracycline?

Answer 3

altering the 16S rRNA involved in tetracycline binding of the 30S subunit

Question 4

What drug resistance is an example of multistep process resistance?

Answer 4

Vancomycin

Question 5

How do bacteria develop resistance to aminoglycosides?

Answer 5

modifications that disrupt hydrogen-bonding network used to bind 16S rRNA

Question 6

A dormant cell that is resistant to many stresses and antibiotic treatments is called?

Answer 6

Persister cell

Question 7

Which two spore-forming bacteria are persistent in the environment and are common with IV drug users?

Answer 7

C. Tetani, B anthracis

Question 8

Which spore former causes gas gangrene?

Answer 8

C. Perfringens

Question 9

Which 3 spore-formers cause food-borne infections?

Answer 9

1-C. Botulinum
2-C. Perfringens
3-B. Cereus

Question 10

Which spore former is a responsible for nosocomial infections?

Answer 10

Clostridrium difficle

*overgrowth causes pseudomembranous colitis